城市隧道景观的设计需要兼顾行人和驾驶人的视觉感知效果，但现有方法通常仅以静态或者动态条件作为设计背景，缺乏综合二者的科学化设计方法，其核心问题在于未厘清隧道静态物理指标与驾驶人动态视觉感知之间的关系。通过揭示驾驶人视觉感知过程中物理刺激与生物反馈之间的内在关联，构建人因导向的城市隧道景观设计方法；采用文献调研和实地考察，结合国内50座城市隧道的实际设计现状，归纳出标准光照条件下城市隧道的关键景观物理指标特征和类别；基于已有试验研究数据，梳理单一物理变量对生理指标的影响效应，揭示多指标协同作用的复相关机制，提出兼顾安全性和舒适性的核心关联路径设计优化原则。结果表明： 1）驾驶人的感知响应是多个物理指标协同作用的结果，即二者之间存在复相关关系； 2）在对城市隧道进行精细化景观设计时需要全面考虑人体的静动态感知差异，颜色和图案作为关键性物理指标，需要协调统一性和对比性，频率设计则注重韵律性； 3）城市隧道物理指标与驾驶人生物感知间存在3条关联路径，即情绪调节路径、注意力分配路径和速度感知路径。
Urban tunnel landscape design requires consideration of pedestrian and driver visual perception. Existing design methods typically focus on either static or dynamic conditions. The lack of systematic approaches that integrate both aspects stems from the unclear relationship between static physical parameters and drivers′ dynamic visual perception. This study aims to reveal the intrinsic connections between physical stimuli and biological responses during drivers′ visual perception processes as well as develop a humanfactorsoriented design methodology for urban tunnel landscapes. Through literature review and field survey of 50 urban tunnels in China, key physical parameters and categories of urban tunnel landscapes are identified under standard lighting conditions. Based on existing experimental data, the effects of individual physical variables on biological responses are examined and the complex correlational mechanisms of multiple parameter interactions are revealed, leading to design optimization principles that balance safety and comfort. The results indicate the following. (1) Drivers′ biological responses result from the synergistic effects of multiple physical parameters, indicating complex correlational relationships. (2) A refined urban tunnel landscape design should comprehensively consider differences between static and dynamic human perception, with color and pattern serving as key physical parameters requiring coordinated unity and contrast, whereas frequency emphasizes rhythmicity. (3) Three pathways exist between physical parameters and drivers′ perception: emotion regulation, attention allocation, and speed perception.
