为减小极端暴雨诱发城市地下空间洪涝灾害造成的损失，需对城市地下空间洪涝灾害风险进行有效评估。从建设期和运维期2个阶段总结地下空间发展在“地质、技术、自然环境和管理”4个方面面临的挑战。通过文献计量分析的方法对城市地下空间在运营期间面临的洪涝灾害风险评估方法进行梳理，并对城市地下空间洪涝灾害相关文献进行聚类分析，明确当前城市地下空间洪涝灾害方面的研究围绕“危险性-暴露性-脆弱性”3大核心内容展开。从时间维度对文献进行分析，明确城市地下空间洪涝灾害研究逐步趋于精细化。在此基础上，通过对城市地下空间洪涝灾害风险评估方法的详细梳理，将评估方法归纳为统计分析、多准则决策分析（MCDM）、GIS（地理信息系统）和RS（遥感）分析、情景分析、机器学习模型5种，并分析各方法在城市地下空间洪涝灾害中的适用性及优缺点。结合当前洪涝灾害风险评估方法研究现状和风险评估体系，提出地下空间洪水漫延路径风险动态评估模型的概念框架，为实现城市地下洪水漫延路径和风险等级的实时预测以及地下空间洪涝灾害的有效管理提供理论基础。

Flood disasters in urban underground spaces induced by extreme rainfall are becoming frequent. To reduce losses from flooding in underground spaces, it is essential to assess flood risks during extreme rainfall. This study focuses on flood disasters in urban underground spaces during extreme rainfall. First, the challenges encountered during the construction and operation phases of underground space development in terms of geology, technology, natural environment, and management are summarized. Second, a bibliometric analysis method is employed to review current risk research on flood risk assessment methods. The literature is clustered to clarify that current studies focus on three core aspects: danger, exposure, and vulnerability. Study hotspots for underground space flood disasters are analyzed from a temporal dimension. Furthermore, five risk assessment methods are summarized: (1) statistical analysis, (2) multicriteria decision making, (3) geographic information systems and remote sensing, (4) scenario-based analysis, and (5) machine learning analysis. The applicability, advantages, and limitations of each method are discussed. Based on the above, a conceptual framework for dynamic risk assessment of flood-propagation paths in underground spaces is proposed to predict flood paths and risk levels in real time. The proposed framework provides a theoretical basis for the effective management of flood disasters in underground spaces.