为解决城市空间资源紧张与地面交通拥堵问题，提升城市物流系统的运行效率与可持续性，提出城市地面地下一体化物流系统概念，针对地下物流多类实施场景开展成本效益分析。首先，归纳地铁线路混合运输、地铁客货一体化运输与地下物流专用通道3种系统模式，解析运行机制与适用条件，从流通经济、污染减排、交通流动性、空间使用和安全应急5个维度建立成本-效益指标体系，构建效益货币化评估模型。然后，提出政府决策者及物流服务商视角下的地下物流模式选型经济性分析方法，以北京城市副中心为案例，评估3种模式在现实场景下的实施可行性。结果表明： 1）地铁线路混合运输模式成本最低，适用于货运需求水平较低情景； 2）地铁客货一体化运输模式可在成本与效益之间实现较好平衡，适用于中等需求情景； 3）地下物流专用通道模式适用于高货运需求情景，外部效益和长期经济回报最高，净现值达6.1亿元，具备较强投资吸引力，可显著提升物流配送效率，有效缓解城市交通拥堵。
To address the constraints of limited urban sources and worsening surface traffic congestion, and to improve the operational efficiency and sustainability of urban logistics, the authors introduce a surface-underground integrated logistics system and develop a corresponding cost-benefit analysis framework for evaluating different underground logistics implementation modes. Three typical system configurations are identified: (1) mixed-use metro lines, (2) freight-passenger integrated metro systems, and (3) dedicated underground logistics corridors. Their operational mechanisms and applicable urban conditions are comparatively examined. Based on five benefit dimensions: (1) circulation economy, (2) emission reduction, (3) traffic mobility, (4) spatial utilization, and (5) emergency response capacity, a monetized evaluation model is considered to quantify system advantages. Further, from the perspectives of government decision-makers and logistics service providers, an economic evaluation method is proposed to support scheme selection. A case study of the Beijing Municipal Administrative Center demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed framework. The results indicate that: (1) the mixed-use metro mode features the lowest cost and is suitable for low-demand logistic contexts; (2) the freight-passenger integrated mode provides an effective balance between costs and benefit and is suitable for medium-demand conditions; and (3) the dedicated underground logistics corridors mode is most advantageous in high-demand scenarios, generating the highest external benefits and long-term economic returns. In particular, this mode yields a net present value of approximately 610 million CNY, showing strong investment potential and significant capacity to improve delivery efficiency and mitigate surface traffic congestion.
