为解决隧道排水管易发生结晶堵塞的问题，需探究涂层材料对排水管防结晶性能的影响及其机制。在实验室条件下对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）排水管及其表面施加的环氧树脂（DGEBA）、有机硅（SR）、聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）3种涂层材料进行结晶覆盖特征分析。通过测量结晶覆盖面积，发现无涂层HDPE表面结晶平均覆盖面积最大（（19.75±1.06） mm²），而3种涂层表面结晶平均覆盖面积依次为DGEBA（（14.39±0.87） mm²）＞SR（（7.68±0.98） mm²）＞PTFE（（0.38±0.31） mm²）。基于耗散型石英晶体微天平（QCMD）试验，原位监测各涂层表面的晶体生长过程，并通过Sauerbrey方程换算结晶质量，结果显示DGEBA、SR和PTFE涂层的结晶质量分别为425.72、173.46、41.01 ng/（cm²•h），SEM图像验证晶粒数量与结晶质量规律具有一致性。进一步采用分子动力学模拟计算涂层表面与CaCO₃溶液间的结合能绝对值，结果为HDPE（124.49 kcal/mol）＞DGEBA（87.55 kcal/mol）＞SR（48.12 kcal/mol）＞PTFE（24.25 kcal/mol），从微观角度揭示排水管结晶易发及涂层防结晶机制。现场试验结果与室内试验和模拟分析一致，HDPE排水管内结晶量最大（1.65 kg），3种涂层排水管内结晶量依次为DGEBA（1.05 kg）＞SR（0.68 kg）＞PTFE（0.20 kg）。综合多尺度试验和数值模拟结果表明，HDPE排水管防结晶性能较差，而PTFE涂层能够显著抑制CaCO₃结晶吸附与生长。

To address the issue of crystallization and blockage in tunnel drainage pipes, the authors systematically investigate the effects and mechanisms of coating materials on the anti-crystallization performance of drainage pipes. Initially, under laboratory conditions, the crystallization characteristics of uncoated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) drainage pipes and HDPE pipes coated with three different coating materials (epoxy resin DGEBA, silicone SR, and polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) were analyzed. By measuring the crystallization coverage area, it was found that the uncoated HDPE surface had the largest average crystallization coverage area ((19.75±1.06) mm²), while the crystallization coverage areas of the three coated surfaces were in the order of DGEBA ((14.39±0.87) mm²) > SR ((7.68±0.98) mm²) > PTFE ((0.38±0.31) mm²). Based on dissipative quartz crystal microbalance (QCMD) experiments, the crystal growth process on each coating surface was monitored in situ, and the crystallization mass was converted using the Sauerbrey equation. The results show that the crystallization masses of DGEBA, SR, and PTFE coatings were 425.72, 173.46, and 41.01 ng/(cm²•h), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images verified the consistency between the number of crystal grains and the crystallization mass. Further molecular dynamics simulations were used to calculate the absolute value of the binding energy between the coating surface and the calcium carbonate solution, with results indicating that HDPE (124.49 kcal/mol) > DGEBA (87.55 kcal/mol) > SR (48.12 kcal/mol) > PTFE (24.25 kcal/mol). This reveals the susceptibility of crystallization in drainage pipes and the anti-crystallization mechanism of coatings from a microscopic perspective. Field test results are consistent with laboratory experiments and simulation analyses, with uncoated HDPE drainage pipes having the largest amount of crystallization (1.65 kg), followed by pipes coated with DGEBA (1.05 kg) > SR (0.68 kg) > PTFE (0.20 kg). The multi-scale experimental and numerical simulation results indicate that uncoated HDPE drainage pipes had poor anti-crystallization performance, while the PTFE coating could significantly inhibit the adsorption and growth of calcium carbonate crystals, providing quantifiable performance data and theoretical basis for the anti-crystallization design of tunnel drainage systems.