为解决钻爆法隧道施工过程中高质量浓度粉尘难以有效控制的难题，研制出一种幕帘式喷雾降尘装置，并系统研究其雾化性能与降尘效果。首先，结合隧道施工环境特点，设计并研制基于多道环向喷雾管路的幕帘式喷雾降尘装置，通过在掌子面后方布置垂直式水雾幕帘，实现对粉尘纵向扩散的阻断; 其次，依托紫荆瑶山隧道施工现场，建立典型工序下的粉尘扩散CFD模型，并模拟不同通风条件、喷雾压力及布置参数对粉尘扩散规律的影响； 最后，开展现场测试，获取总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘质量浓度的时空分布数据。结果表明： 1）幕帘式喷雾降尘装置能有效阻断粉尘纵向扩散，显著降低隧道内的粉尘质量浓度; 2）在距掌子面30~60 m处，总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘的平均降尘效率均超过80%，其中，在装置正下方（距掌子面40 m处）及其下游区域（距掌子面50~60 m处），降尘效率可达90%以上; 3）喷雾幕帘在抑制粉尘颗粒扩散和降低隧道粉尘质量浓度方面效果显著，具备结构简单、布置灵活、适应性强等特点。
To address the challenge of effectively controlling high dust concentrations during drill-and-blast tunnel construction, a curtain-type spray dust suppression device is developed, and its atomization performance and dust suppression effectiveness are comprehensively evaluated. Based on the characteristics of the tunnel construction environment, a device consisting of multiple annular spray pipelines is designed and fabricated, forming a vertical mist curtain behind the tunnel face to block longitudinal dust dispersion. A computational fluid dynamics model of dust diffusion under typical construction procedures is established using data from the Zijingyaoshan tunnel, and the effects of different ventilation conditions, spray pressures, and layout parameters on dust diffusion are systematically analyzed through simulation. Field tests are also conducted to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution of total and respirable dust concentrations. The results show that the curtain-type spray dust suppression device effectively interrupts longitudinal dust transport and significantly reduces dust concentration in tunnels. At a distance 30－60 m from the tunnel face, the average suppression efficiency of both total and respirable dust exceeds 80%; in the area directly beneath the device (40 m from the tunnel face) and in downstream sections (50 and 60 m from the tunnel face), the efficiency exceeds 90%. These findings indicate that the device is highly effective in suppressing dust particle dispersion and reducing dust concentration in tunnels. With its simple structure, flexible layout, and strong adaptability, the device provides valuable reference for promoting and applying dust suppression technologies in tunnel construction.
