随着地下工程向大深埋、长距离与复杂地质方向发展，传统单一模式掘进机的适应性局限日益凸显，多模隧道掘进机成为应对复杂地质的必然选择。文章对多模隧道掘进机的设计与施工关键技术进行系统性研究。总结多模掘进机在地铁、市政公路、城市铁路等领域的应用现状，重点阐述多模掘进机基于地质-装备匹配的适应性选型、面向复杂地层的装备性能提升针对性设计、高效可靠的快速换模、特殊地层安全高效施工等关键技术的新进展，集中展示了多模掘进机在原始创新、集成创新、协同创新方面的丰富积累。当前多模掘进机在模式切换的智能化程度、换模效率及系统长期可靠性方面仍面临技术瓶颈，为突破上述瓶颈，未来多模掘进机的发展将聚焦于功能全域化、地质透明化与装备智能化3大方向，进而提出应构建贯穿“地质感知—智能决策—精准控制—反馈优化”全链条的“设计-制造-施工”一体化智能体系，以此推动掘进机行业实现技术升级与转型。
As underground engineering progresses toward greater depths, longer distances, and more complex geological conditions, the adaptability limitations of traditional singlemode tunnel boring machines have become increasingly apparent. Multimode tunnel boring machines have emerged as an inevitable solution for navigating complex geology. In this study, the primary design and construction technologies of multimode tunnel boring machines are systematically investigated. The current applications of multimode tunnel boring machines in metro systems, municipal highways, urban railways, and other fields are summarized, focusing on recent advancements in critical technologies such as geology-equipment matching for adaptive selection, performance enhancement through targeted design for complex strata, efficient and reliable rapid mode-switching technology, and safe, high-efficiency construction techniques for special geological formations. Further, the extensive innovations in original, integrated, and collaborative development of multimode tunnel boring machines are highlighted. Current multimode tunnel boring machines still face technical bottlenecks in terms of intelligent mode-switching capabilities, switching efficiency, and long-term system reliability. To address these challenges, future development should prioritize three major directions: functional full-range capability, geological transparency, and equipment intelligence. Consequently, an integrated intelligent system spanning the entire "geological sensing-intelligent decision-making-precise control-feedback optimization" chain should be established, encompassing "design-manufacturing-construction" to drive technological upgrading and transformation in the tunnel boring machine industry.
