为解决钻爆法隧道施工中机械配置方案同质化、未能充分考虑围岩等级差异及碳排放影响的难题，探寻不同围岩等级下兼顾工期、成本与碳排放的最优机械配置方案，以五福隧道出口段左洞为工程背景，首先，基于围岩等级对机械配置选型的影响，将目标围岩（Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级）划分为Ⅲ级与Ⅳ—Ⅴ级2大类别，并针对性地提出各施工阶段的机械配置参考表；其次，构建以工期、成本和碳排放为核心目标的多目标优化模型，并创新性地采用改进熵权法，建立12个二级指标的目标偏好权重评价体系，以量化决策者偏好；最后，应用量子粒子群优化(quantum particle swarm optimization，QPSO)算法对不同围岩等级下的机械配置方案进行求解与优化。结果表明： 1）该方法为Ⅲ级和Ⅳ—Ⅴ级围岩隧道分别生成了81种和243种机械优化配置方案。2）与原始方案相比，采用Ⅲ级围岩机械优化配置方案使工期、成本和碳排放分别减少了26.98%、17.60%和19.06%，采用Ⅳ—Ⅴ级围岩机械优化配置方案使工期、成本和碳排放分别减少了27.53%、21.11%和24.62%。

The drill-and-blast tunnel construction face various challenges, such as homogenization of machinery configuration schemes, insufficient consideration of surrounding rock grades, and impact of carbon emissions. To address these challenges, optimal machinery configuration schemes that take into account the construction period, cost, and carbon emissions under different surrounding rock grades are explored. Taking the left tunnel of the Wufu tunnel as the engineering background, based on the influence of surrounding rock grade on the selection of machinery configuration, the target surrounding rocks (grades of Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ) is divided into two categories : grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ－Ⅴ, and the reference table of machinery configuration in each construction stage is proposed. Then, a multiobjective optimization model with construction period, cost, and carbon emission as the core objectives is constructed, and an improved entropy weight method is innovatively adopted to establish a target preference weight evaluation system covering 12 secondary indicators such as initial investment, effective utilization rate, construction time, and carbon emission source, so as to quantify the preference of decision makers. Finally, the quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve and optimize the machinery configuration scheme under different surrounding rock grades. The results show that: (1) The proposed method generates 81 and 243 optimal configuration schemes for grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ－Ⅴ surrounding rocks, respectively. (2) Compared with the original scheme, the optimized configuration of grade Ⅲ surrounding rock reduces the construction period, cost, and carbon emissions by 26.98%, 17.60%, and 19.06%, respectively. The optimal allocation of Ⅳ－Ⅴ surrounding rock reduces the construction period, cost, and carbon emissions by 27.53%, 21.11%, and 24.62% respectively.