为实现扩孔竖井掘进机的全断面机械开挖，提升整机掘进效率，基于平面刀盘设计理论并结合扩孔竖井下部排渣工法，研制一种扩孔竖井锥形刀盘。首先，介绍扩孔竖井的开挖工法、整机组成及排渣原理，并采用数值模拟方法对比分析4种不同先导井直径（2 000、1 600、1 200、800 mm）下的下排渣溜渣效率； 然后，基于平面刀盘设计理论对锥形刀盘刀间距、刀具布置、刀具选型、刀座结构、本体结构形式等进行设计； 最后，依托某试验场地开展开挖掘进试验, 对扩孔竖井锥形刀盘的实用性进行现场试验验证。由研究结果可得： 1)先导井直径建议≥1 200 mm； 2)锥形刀盘的整体结构设计及结构强度合理、运用可行； 3)在45°锥度下刀具受力满足使用要求； 4)试验过程中刀盘较好地完成了锥面破岩，满足扩孔竖井掘进机开挖、出渣等工序的施工需求，实现了扩孔竖井掘进机的机械化和自动化作业。

To achieve full-section mechanical excavation for enlarged-diameter vertical shaft boring machines and improve overall excavation efficiency, a cone-shaped cutterhead for enlarged-diameter vertical shafts is developed based on circular planar cutterhead design theory and combined with the bottom slag discharge method. First, the excavation method, overall machine composition, and slag discharge principle of enlarged-diameter vertical shafts are introduced, and digital simulation technology is used to compare and analyze the bottom slag discharge efficiency for four pilot hole diameters (2 000, 1 600, 1 200 and 800 mm). Then, based on planar cutterhead theory, the cone-shaped cutterhead is designed with respect to cutter spacing, cutter arrangement, cutter selection, cutter seat structure, and main body structure. Finally, excavation tests are conducted at a designated test site to verify the practicality of the cone-shaped cutterhead for enlarged-diameter vertical shafts. The results show that (1) a pilot hole diameter of ≥1 200 mm is recommended; (2) the overall structural design and structural strength of the cone-shaped cutterhead are reasonable and feasible; (3) at a cone angle of 45°, the cutter force satisfies operational requirements; and (4) during testing, the cutterhead effectively completes cone-surface rock breaking, meeting the excavation and slag discharge requirements of enlarged-diameter vertical shaft boring machines and enabling mechanization and automation of these systems.