盾构穿越黏性地层时频繁遭遇的结泥饼问题是目前制约盾构高效掘进的最主要难题之一。在大量文献调研分析的基础上，从盾构泥饼成因、结泥饼风险预测方法和控制技术3个方面，详细剖析国内外关于盾构结泥饼问题的研究进展和技术发展动态，总结既有研究所取得的相关成果及存在的局限性，并对盾构结泥饼问题今后的研究方向和发展趋势进行展望。盾构泥饼的形成在宏观上可以总结为地质、设备和施工等因素共同作用的结果，但在盾构掘进过程中泥饼的真正形成机理尚未得到科学可信的揭示。土体-金属界面的黏附性已成为解释盾构泥饼成因的重要突破口，但既有黏附试验缺乏规范化试验流程和统一的岩土黏附性评价标准。既有基于土体-金属界面黏附性研究成果的盾构结泥饼风险预测方法仍存在一定的局限性，实际工程应用效果不佳； 进一步结合知识经验和实时施工数据，发展知识-数据双驱动的盾构结泥饼风险预测方法，是未来的重要发展方向。盾构泥饼的防治需遵循“地质是基础、设备是关键、管理是根本”的思路，但既有相关控制措施的制定缺乏理论方法的支撑和指导，存在一定的盲目性，有必要结合理论研究和工程实践形成一套科学且完备的盾构防结泥饼控制技术体系。
Frequent mud-caking is one of the primary challenges limiting efficient shield tunneling in cohesive strata. Based on an extensive review of existing literature, this study discusses and summarizes the research progress and technology development of shield mud-caking globally from three key perspectives: causes, risk prediction, and prevention techniques. Limitations of existing studies are highlighted, and future research directions and development trends are proposed. At a macro level, the mud cake formed on the shield results from the combined influence of geological conditions, equipment, and construction factors. However, its precise formation mechanism during tunneling is yet to be fully understood in a scientifically rigorous manner. Adhesion at the soil-to-metal interface has emerged as a critical breakthrough in explaining the causes of mud cake formation and has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, existing adhesion tests lack standardized procedures and a unified evaluation system for soil-to-metal adhesion. Current risk prediction models based on soil-to-metal adhesion research still have limitations, with suboptimal performance in practical applications. In future, expert knowledge should be integrated with real-time construction data to develop a knowledge- and data-driven risk prediction models. The prevention and mitigation of mud-caking in shield tunneling should follow the principle of "geology as the foundation, equipment as the key, and management as the core". However, existing control measures often lack theoretical guidance, leading to a degree of uncertainty in their application. To address this, it is essential to integrate theoretical research with engineering practice and establish a scientifically robust and comprehensive control system for mitigating mud cake formation.
