为解决深埋隧洞施工中岩爆灾害对工程结构、施工进度及人员安全构成威胁的难题，突破现有支护技术在岩爆能量耗散与围岩稳定性控制方面的局限，实现岩爆灾害的高效防控，以引汉济渭工程秦岭输水隧洞为工程背景开展针对性研究。针对秦岭输水隧洞深埋段频繁发生的岩爆难题，摒弃传统被动支护的思路，采用三维NPR主动支护体系进行岩爆灾害防控试验与监测。在施工过程中，通过现场布设压力传感器、预留变形量、采用高分辨率微震监测系统，对三维NPR主动支护体系与普通被动支护的应用效果进行对比分析。得出: 1）三维NPR主动支护体系通过高预应力主动约束与能量吸收的协同作用，使岩爆爆坑深度较普通被动支护显著降低，钢拱架受力值及围岩累计变形量大幅减小，防控效果明显优于普通被动支护； 2）在围岩变形控制方面，三维NPR主动支护体系能有效缩减隧洞围岩顶部及拱腰关键部位的位移量，同时显著降低围岩塑性区分布面积，提升围岩整体稳定性； 3）通过不同支护时机的对比试验，得出支护时间越早，围岩变形速率越慢，最终破坏程度越小的规律。

Rockburst disasters present serious threats to the structural integrity of deep tunnels, construction progress, and personnel safety. To address the limitations of existing support technologies in dissipating rockburst energy and maintaining the stability of surrounding rock, targeted research is conducted on the Qinling water conveyance tunnel of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Given the frequent rockbursts in the deep-buried section of the project, a three-dimensional negative Poisson′s ratio (NPR) active support system is implemented to replace traditional passive support methods for rockburst prevention and control. This approach includes experimental and monitoring efforts. During construction, pressure sensors, reserved deformation measurements, and a high-resolution microseismic monitoring system are deployed on-site to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the three-dimensional NPR active support system against conventional passive support approaches. The findings are as follows: (1) The proposed system combines the synergistic effects of high prestress active confinement and energy absorption, effectively reducing the depth of rockburst craters, the stress on the steel arch frame, and the cumulative deformation of the surrounding rock, thus demonstrating superior prevention and control capabilities compared to traditional passive support approaches. (2) The system effectively minimizes displacement in critical areas, such as the tunnel crown and arch waist, and markedly reduces the distribution area of the surrounding rock′s plastic zone, thus enhancing the overall stability of the surrounding rock. (3) Comparative experiments under different support timings show that earlier support leads to slower deformation rates and lower final damage levels in the surrounding rock.