在收集国内外相关研究资料以及调研隧道建设过程中实际采用的超前预报技术的基础上，总结钻爆法隧道、硬岩TBM隧道以及盾构掘进机隧道环境下的超前地质预报研究与应用现状。当前，钻爆法环境的超前地质预报技术已相对成熟，已基本采用综合超前预报技术，未来主要在自动化、智能化方面开展进一步研究； 同时，TBM施工隧道超前地质预报取得了较大进步，已初步实现了超前地质预报装置与TBM掘进机的一体化，在盾构掘进机隧道超前地质预报方面已开启地震波与电法类超前探测的探索，并取得一定成效。对隧道超前地质预报的发展趋势进行预测，认为以下4个方向是今后研究的重点和趋势： 1)自动化、集成化搭载装备及小型化、轻便化便携设备研发，以及复杂环境下的分布式无线接收设备研发； 2)实时化超前地质预报探测技术研究； 3)精细化成像方法研究以及智能化解译研究； 4)智能化与实时化的超前地质预报数据管理与预警技术研究。
Advance geological prospecting has gradually become one of the most important work during tunnel construction, which plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of adverse geological conditions and safety guarantee in front of tunnels. On the basis of collecting relevant research data as well as investigating the advance geological prospecting technology in field test, the authors summarize the current situation of research and application of advance geological prospecting method in tunnels. At present, the advance geological prospecting technology in drilling and blasting tunnels has been relatively mature, and the integrated detecting method has been basically adopted, future research will focus further on automation and intelligent technologies; moreover, the advance geological prospecting method in TBM construction tunnels has made a great progress, and the integration of advance geological prospecting device and TBM has been preliminarily come true; in the field of advance geological prospecting for shield tunneling, explorations into seismic wave and electrical method advance detection have been initiated, and certain achievements have been obtained. Finally, the development trend of the advance geological prospecting technology is predicted, and it is believed that the following four directions are the focuses and trends of the future research: (1) automation, integrated carrying equipment and miniaturized, lightweight portable equipment research and development, as well as the development of distributed wireless receiving equipment for complex environments; (2) real-time advance geological prospecting technology research; (3) refined imaging method research and intelligent interpretation research; (4) Intelligent and real-time advance geological forecast data management and early warning technology.
