为解决敞开式TBM在穿越陷落柱等复杂地质条件下的刀盘卡机问题，结合现场实测、理论分析及FLAC3D-PFC耦合数值模拟方法，深入分析TBM刀盘卡机发生机制，并提出相应的防控策略。研究揭示陷落柱区域围岩的非均质性和不稳定性，明确刀盘卡机的渐进性演化过程，提出以“超前探测、风险预警、支护优化、动态调控”为核心的防控策略。主要研究结论如下： 1）在陷落柱不良地质条件下，刀盘卡机的本质是“地质缺陷-施工扰动”耦合作用下的多阶段动力失稳过程，表现为围岩的渐进性破坏、岩屑堆积与围岩压力重分布，最终导致刀盘转矩超限和卡机发生； 2）陷落柱区域围岩呈现“顶板沉降显著、帮部应力集中”的非对称力学响应，顶板区域主要表现为垂向卸荷与持续下沉，帮部则成为应力转移和承载的关键区域，易引发片帮与非均匀变形； 3）基于刀盘卡机机制与模拟结果，提出了针对性卡机防控策略，主要包括超前探测与预处理、差异性支护设计、优化施工模式及动态调整施工参数等，可实现从“被动应对”向“主动防控”的转变，提升TBM在复杂地质条件下的施工安全性和适应性。
To address the challenge of cutterhead jamming of tunnel boring machine (TBM) when crossing complex geological conditions such as collapse columns, field measurements, theoretical analysis, and FLAC3D-PFC coupled numerical simulation methods are utilized to analyze the mechanism of TBM cutterhead jamming, and corresponding control strategies are proposed. The study reveals the heterogeneity and instability of the surrounding rock in the collapse column area, clarifying the progressive evolution process of cutterhead jamming. A control strategy centered on “advance detection, risk warning, support optimization, and dynamic regulation” is proposed. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) Under the unfavorable geological conditions of collapse columns, the essence of cutterhead jamming is a multi-stage dynamic instability process caused by the coupling of “geological defects and construction disturbances”, which is manifested as the progressive failure of surrounding rock, accumulation of rock debris, and redistribution of surrounding rock pressure, ultimately leading to excessive cutterhead torque and jamming. (2) The surrounding rock in the collapse column area exhibits asymmetric mechanical responses characterized by significant roof settlement and concentrated stress on the sidewall. The roof mainly exhibits vertical unloading and continuous subsidence, while the sidewall becomes a key area for stress transfer and support, easily leading to spalling and uneven deformation. (3) Based on the mechanism of cutterhead jamming and simulation results, targeted control strategies are proposed, including advance detection and pre-treatment, differentiated support design, optimized construction methods, and dynamic adjustment of construction parameters, aiming to transition from “passive response” to “active control”, improving TBM safety and adaptability under complex geological conditions.
