地下储气库作为压缩空气储能（CAES）系统的关键组成部分，其内部复杂的热力学特性直接影响储能效率、结构安全性与工程经济性。通过广泛调研国内外相关文献，对定容式地下储气库的热力学特征研究进展进行系统梳理与综合评述，明确储气库热力学核心评价指标，评估现阶段3类热力学分析方法的适用性和局限性，归纳总结储气库热力学指标的时空演化规律及工程意义，并探讨现有温控措施的技术效果与经济性。分析表明： 1）压力、温度、相对湿度、密度与能量（㶲）构成评估储气库性能的核心指标，库内压力整体呈线性变化规律，温度场存在显著的空间分布不均匀性，湿度积聚易析出冷凝水，同时诱发潜热效应，且压力㶲在能量存储中占主导地位。2）在热力学分析方法方面，理论解析法适用于储气库初步方案设计，数值模拟法可有效揭示库内复杂流场和局部高温机制，模型试验法是校验理论成果、保障工程安全的重要基石。3）在温控技术方面，主动换热温控措施经济性欠佳，基于流场优化的多点进气、进气结构优化等非换热温控措施更适配工程实际应用。未来研究应聚焦高精度模型构建、高效局部解析方法研发、非换热温控技术工程验证、标准化评价体系建立与多目标协同优化设计5个方向协同推进，以实现地下储气库热力学研究从理论模拟向工程应用的实质性跨越。
As a critical component of compressed air energy storage systems, underground gas storage exhibits complex internal thermodynamic characteristics that directly affect the energy storage efficiency, structural safety, and engineering economy of the storage system. In this study, based on extensive investigation of the global literature, the research progress on the thermodynamic characteristics of constant-volume underground gas storage is systematically reviewed. The core thermodynamic evaluation indicators of gas storage caverns are clarified, the applicability and limitations of three mainstream thermodynamic analysis methods currently in use are assessed, the temporal and spatial evolution patterns and engineering significance of key thermodynamic parameters are summarized, and the technical performance and economic efficiency of existing temperature control measures are discussed. The results indicate the following information: (1) Pressure, temperature, relative humidity, density, and exergy constitute the core indicators for evaluating gas storage performance, with internal pressure exhibiting a generally linear variation, the temperature field showing pronounced spatial heterogeneity, humidity accumulation inducing condensate formation and latent heat effects, and pressure exergy playing a dominant role in the energy storage. (2) Among the thermodynamic analysis methods, the theoretical analytical approach is suitable for the preliminary design of gas storage projects, numerical simulation effectively reveals the complex flow field and local high-temperature mechanisms inside the cavern, and experimental modeling serves as an essential foundation for verifying theoretical findings and ensuring engineering safety. (3) Regarding temperature control technologies, active heat-exchange measures suffer from poor economic viability, whereas passive heat-exchange measures based on flow-field optimization, such as multipoint air injection and inlet structure optimization, are more compatible with practical engineering applications. Future research should focus on five key directions: (1) high-precision model development, (2) efficient local analytical methods, (3) engineering verification of nonheat-exchange temperature control technologies, (4) establishment of standardized evaluation systems, and (5) multiobjective collaborative optimization design. The coordinated advancement of these directions is expected to facilitate the transition from theoretical simulation to practical engineering application.
