针对压缩空气储能硬岩人工洞室储气库密封层设计的核心需求，结合当前密封层气密性试验方法与系统匮乏严重制约密封层研发的现状，研制了一套密封层气密性试验系统。该系统通过高压试验机、压力控制器与高压试验舱模拟储气库高压运行环境，采用变形层、预制混凝土环与密封层组成的复合试验构件还原储气库复合构造特征，以复合结构充压膨胀开裂与钢板预设裂缝2种方式模拟衬砌裂缝工况，并搭建压力、温度、流量多参数监测体系实现密封层气密性能检测与结构稳定性评价； 基于该系统完成多种备选密封材料气密性试验，结果表明： 1）聚氨酯与聚脲材料的高压气密性及跨缝稳定性表现相对优异，但长期运行工况下存在材料劣化与疲劳破坏风险； 2）柔性密封材料对储气库充压膨胀变形的适应性较好但跨缝密封稳定性不足，密封层设计可优先选用高硬度材料或引入复合结构层以增强其稳定性； 3）研制的试验系统可有效完成密封层气密性检测与稳定性评价。
Existing methods and systems for testing the airtightness of sealing layers are inadequate for artificial caverns used in compressed air energy storage (CAES) facilities. This limitation severely hinders the development of these sealing layers. To address this limitation, an airtightness testing system specifically designed for the unique conditions of CAES facilities is developed. The developed system simulates the high-pressure environment typical of these facilities using a high-pressure air compressor, pressure controller, and an airtightness test chamber. Furthermore, the developed system replicates the composite structural characteristics of these facilities with a composite test specimen including a deformation layer, precast concrete ring, and the sealing layer. Two methods are employed to simulate lining crack conditions: (1) pressure-induced expansion and cracking of the composite structure and (2) preset cracks in steel plates. Additionally, a multiparameter monitoring system for pressure, temperature, and flow rate is established to evaluate the airtightness performance and structural stability of the sealing layer. Performance tests are conducted on various candidate sealing materials using this system. The results from these tests reveal the following details: (1) Polyurethane and polyurea materials demonstrate superior high-pressure airtightness and crack-spanning stability; however, they still face risks of material degradation and fatigue failure under long-term cyclic operations. (2) Flexible sealing materials adapt well to the pressure-induced expansion and deformation of air storage caverns; however, they show inadequate stability across cracks. While designing the sealing layer, high-hardness materials should be prioritized or composite structural layers should be incorporated to improve crack stability. (3) The developed system effectively validates the airtightness and stability of the sealing layer, offering reliable experimental support for the research and development of sealing layers for CAES.
