为研究工程尺度含水层储氢过程中注采参数与储层构造特征对储氢性能的影响，建立考虑毛细作用的三维穹窿状含水层储氢数值模型。该模型基于非混溶两相流理论，考虑氢气与地层水的两相流动过程，并引入毛细压力和相对渗透率关系，以描述多孔介质中的两相渗流行为。在此基础上，设置不同注入速率、回采速率及储层坡度等工况，开展多周期注采过程数值模拟，系统分析氢气运移规律、气相空间分布特征、压力演化过程及注采效率变化。结果表明： 1）注入速率主要影响储氢初始循环阶段的气相分布特征。较高的注入速率会增强黏性力作用，导致气体前缘出现明显的黏性指进现象，从而降低早期循环回收率； 随着注采循环的持续进行，垫气逐渐形成并趋于稳定，注入速率对回收效率的影响显著减弱。2）与注入速率相比，回采速率对储氢性能的影响更为持续且显著。较高的回采速率会加剧地层水侵入，增加剩余气体滞留量，并导致产能衰减现象提前出现，从而降低循环回收效率。3）储层坡度是影响含水层储氢性能的重要控制因素。较大的储层坡度有利于氢气向构造高部位快速运移和聚集，促进稳定气帽区域形成，提高单循环及累积回收率； 同时，由于有效承压体积减小，陡倾储层在注采过程中表现出更大的压力波动幅度，对储层压力控制提出更高要求。
To investigate the effects of engineering operating parameters and storage structural characteristics on the performance of engineering-scale aquifer hydrogen storage, a three-dimensional domal aquifer hydrogen storage model incorporating capillary effects is established. The model is based on immiscible two-phase flow theory, coupling the flow of hydrogen and brine. Capillary pressure and relative permeability relationships are incorporated to describe two-phase seepage in porous media. Based on this model, simulation scenarios with varying injection rates, production rates, and storage steepness are designed. Multicycle injection-production simulations are conducted to systematically analyze hydrogen migration, gas-phase distribution, pressure evolution, and recovery efficiency variations. The results are as follows: (1) The injection rate primarily affects gas-phase distribution during the initial storage cycles: higher injection rates enhance viscous forces, producing pronounced viscous fingering at the gas front and reducing early-cycle recovery efficiency. As the injection-production cycles proceed, cushion gas forms and stabilizes, and the influence of injection rate on recovery efficiency markedly diminishes. (2) Compared with the injection rate, the production rate has a more persistent and substantial influence on storage performance: higher rates intensify formation-water encroachment, increase trapped residual gas, and cause earlier productivity decline, thereby reducing cyclic recovery efficiency. (3) storage structural steepness is an important controlling factor affecting aquifer hydrogen storage performance: greater steepness facilitates rapid upward hydrogen migration and accumulation toward the structural crest, promoting a continuous gas cap and improving single-cycle and cumulative recovery efficiencies. However, owing to the reduced effective pressure-bearing volume, steeply inclined storages exhibit larger pressure fluctuations during injection and production, imposing higher requirements on storage pressure management.
