为确保施工及运营期盾构隧道管片衬砌结构的稳定性与安全性，准确获取衬砌管片实际所受荷载至关重要。受地层分布复杂性、隧道规模及埋深等因素影响，现有荷载理论及计算方法尚无法实现隧道结构外部荷载的准确计算。鉴于此，依托北京东六环改造工程第五标段盾构隧道工程，在现场实测数据整理分析的基础上，基于盾构隧道管片衬砌结构实测轴力与弯矩结果，采用ANSYS有限元软件对实际工程展开数值模拟，通过Matlab软件运行遗传算法程序，以地层土压、侧压力系数作为反演参数，针对深埋砂土地层超大直径盾构隧道荷载开展单、双参数的反演分析。研究结果表明： 1）传统目标函数中轴力与弯矩的归一化误差平方和差异较大，导致荷载反演结果误差较大，为此提出一种适用于超大直径盾构隧道的多元数据外荷载智能反演分析模型与目标函数构造方法； 2）相比于单参数反演，侧压力系数的引入使得双参数荷载反演的目标函数值降低43%，计算内力与实测数据拟合效果更好； 3）对于穿越砂土地层的外径15.4 m深埋盾构隧道，建议竖向荷载取1.74倍洞径范围内的土柱压力，侧压力系数取0.48。
Accurately determining the actual loads acting on lining segments is essential for ensuring the stability and safety of shield tunnel segment lining structures during construction and operation. However, due to factors such as stratigraphic distribution complexity, tunnel scale, and burial depth, existing load theories and calculation methods cannot yet provide precise estimates of external loads on tunnel structures. To address this challenge, a case study is conducted on the shield tunnel project of Bid 5 of the Beijing East Sixth Ring Road Renovation Project, and field-monitoring data are collected and analyzed. Subsequently, ANSYS finite element software is employed to numerically simulate the monitored axial force and bending moment of the shield tunnel segment lining structure. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm program is implemented in Matlab, with soil pressure and lateral pressure coefficients as inversion parameters, to perform single- and dual-parameter inversion analyses of the loads acting on super-large-diameter shield tunnels in deeply buried sandy soil strata. The research results indicate the following: (1) Significant differences in the normalized sum of squared errors for axial force and bending moment within traditional objective functions lead to substantial errors in load inversion results. To address this issue, a multi-data intelligent load inversion analysis model and an objective function construction method suitable for ultra-large-diameter shield tunnels are proposed. (2) Compared with single-parameter inversion, the introduction of the lateral pressure coefficient reduces the objective function value of the dual-parameter load inversion by 43% and improves the fit between the calculated internal forces and the measured data. (3) For a deeply buried shield tunnel with an outer diameter of 15.4 m traversing sandy soil strata, a vertical load equal to 1.74 times the soil-column pressure within the tunnel-diameter range and a lateral pressure coefficient of 0.48 are recommended.
