沉管隧道工法为水下隧道建设的主要工法之一，其关键工序包括管节预制、浮运、沉放对接和基础处理等。近几十年来建成的大型混凝土沉管隧道工程，进一步发展并突破高水压、复杂水流和复杂地质条件的工程技术，能够跨越更深和更宽阔的河口、海峡水道。结合具代表性沉管隧道工程，包括Maas隧道、香港地铁过海隧道、Tuas电缆隧道、Oresund海峡隧道、Busan隧道和Bosphorus海峡隧道，着重讨论管节预制、管节防水、干坞系统和基础处理等方面的技术发展。

Immersed tube method is a major construction method for underwater tunnels, of which the key techniques include prefabrication, towing, immersion and connection of tube elements, as well as foundation treatment. The immersed tube tunneling techniques have been so much developed to cross deeper and wider rivers/harbors with complex water flows and difficult ground conditions, as demonstrated by some typical projects such as Maas tunnel in Holland, MRT harbor crossing tunnel in Hong Kong, Tuas cable tunnel in Singapore, Oresund tunnel between Denmark and Sweden, Busan tunnel in Korea and Bosphorus tunnel in Turkey. The technical development in tube element prefabrication, tube element waterproofing, docks and foundation treatment are discussed in this paper.