针对目前在数值分析中利用叠加法模拟隧道分步开挖时，考虑材料非线性和几何非线性在运算时的不合理性，提出了有限元数值模拟计算隧道开挖时空间反向荷载法。根据隧道开挖步骤，将作用在开挖面上的一部分压应力按照一定的比例反向作用，来模拟隧道开挖时的围岩应力释放,不仅较为真实、方便地模拟隧道开挖时结构和围岩的受力连续变化过程，而且便于进行非线性分析。

On basis of the irrationality of the material nonlinearity and geometry nonlinearity considered in the calculations of the numerical analysis performed to simulate the stepbystep excavation of the tunnels by means of superposition method, the article proposes a spatial opposite loading method for the numerical simulation of the excavation of tunnels by finite element method. According to the excavation steps, appropriate proportions of the pressing stresses acting on the excavation face are converted into loads in opposite directions so as to simulate the stress releasing of the surrounding rock mass during tunnel excavation. By means of the presented method, real and convenient simulations of the consecutive variations of the forces of the structures and surrounding rock masses during the tunnel excavation can be achieved and nonlinear analysis can be made without difficulty.