国内目前已投入运营的最长的两座铁路隧道分别是秦岭隧道（18.462km）和乌鞘岭隧道（20.05km），最长的公路隧道为终南山隧道（18.02km），随着铁路、公路建设的不断发展，长大隧道越来越多，规模越来越大。介绍了以上三座特长隧道的通风、防灾设计过程及实施情况，从理论分析、数值模拟、模型试验及方案比选等方面对长大隧道的通风及防灾设计进行了简单阐述，以期对今后其它长大隧道的通风及防灾设计起到点滴借鉴作用。

The Qingling tunnel (18.462km) and the Wushaoling tunnel (20.05km) are the two longest railway tunnels, the Zhongnanshan (18.02km) is the longest road tunnel in China. With the development of railway and road, the tunnels become longer and the ventilation and disaster prevention are more difficult. The design of ventilation and disaster prevention in above three tunnels are presented in this paper by the theoretical analysis, the numerical simulation, the model experiment and the scheme comparison and so on, which is a reference of the tunnels in the future.