针对传统挡土墙土压力计算理论的局限性，运用极限理论分析荷载，用能量理论计算挡土墙的土压力。以挡土墙中最为重要的重力式挡土墙为例，分别用库仑理论和能量理论对挡土墙进行土压力计算，并对进行稳定性验算。比较分析计算结果，表明能量理论比库仑理论更具有广泛性、有效性和准确性，能量理论更加适合一般挡土墙的土压力的分析和计算，更具有工程意义。经对比分析挡土墙完全处于稳定状态。

Due to the limitation of the traditional theory of soil pressure applied on retaining wall, the limit analysis theory and the energy theory are adopted to calculate the limit load of rigid retaining wall. For the calculation of the gravity retaining wall, the Coulomb's earth pressure theory and the energy theory are compared in this paper. The results show that the energy theory is more suitable for general calculation of soil pressure, and has more validity and applicability than the Coulomb's earth pressure theory.