Abstract:

 On basis of the network establishing theory of control survey in long tunnels, this paper presents the method of improving the survey precision and controlling the errors. Control network establishing and survey control by means of precise traversing method and GPS method are discussed in detailed. Furthermore, the general rules for estimating the holethrough error and control network adjustment are given. This paper can provide reference for survey control of long tunnels.

Key words:  , long tunnelsurvey and establishing networkerror control