为确定铁路隧道内紧急救援站防灾通风机合理的布置方案，分析相关因素对防灾通风的影响规律，合理简化防灾通风计算，以某铁路隧道内紧急救援站工程为依托，利用SES程序建立防灾通风计算模型，对风机仅布置于正洞、横通道及同时布置于正洞和横通道内3种方案进行比选，并研究自然风、火灾位置、火灾规模及隧道纵坡等因素对救援站防灾通风的单一及其综合影响规律。结果表明： 对于左右分离式隧道内紧急救援站，将风机布置于救援站前后两端的正洞内时，满足防灾通风要求的风机数量最少，是较优的布置方案； 各因素均会对防护门处风速产生影响，影响程度依次为自然风、火灾位置、火灾规模、隧道纵坡； 同时考虑自然风和火灾因素作用时，最不利工况下需要的风机数量约为不考虑其影响时的1.9倍。

An emergency rescue station in a railway tunnel is taken as an example to study the layout scheme of jet fans, analyze the influencing factors and rationally simplify fire ventilation calculation. The fire ventilation calculation model is established by software subway environment simulation (SES); and then three fire ventilation schemes, i. e. jet fans in tunnels, those in cross passages and those in tunnels and cross passages, are compared and selected; finally, the influencing rules of natural wind, fire location, fire scale and tunnel longitudinal slope on fire ventilation are studied respectively and comprehensively. The study results show that: 1) For separated tunnels, the jet fans arranged in main tunnels in front and at end of rescue station is the best choice for minimum fan needed. 2) All the abovementioned factors have influence on wind speed at protection door; and the influencing degree of the natural wind is the largest, followed by fire location, fire scale and tunnel longitudinal slope. 3) The number of fans needed under the most unfavourable conditions of natural wind and fire conditions is 1.9 times that without consideration of influencing factor.