为解决高地应力软岩隧道在施工过程中遇到的难以控制的围岩大变形问题，依托国内兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道与瑞士圣哥达基线隧道，采用对比分析方法，从软岩大变形机制、高地应力软岩隧道围岩分级及变形控制技术3个方面对两隧道进行对比，得出如下结论: 1）高地应力软岩隧道围岩大变形是在岩性、地下水、地应力场、围岩地质构造等多种因素共同作用下，因开挖卸荷、应力二次分布引起围岩发生塑性剪切滑移所致； 2）在高地应力软岩分级方法上，兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道与圣哥达基线隧道均采用了BQ法，但兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道分级更全面，圣哥达基线隧道分级更具针对性； 3）在高地应力软岩情况下，圣哥达基线隧道采用的新意法的全断面施工方法在施工管理和成本控制上要优于兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道采用的台阶法。

Large deformation often occurs to surrounding rock during construction of soft rock tunnel with high ground stress, and it usually develops to uncontrollable. Hence, comparison is made between Muzhailing Tunnel on LanzhouChongqing Railway in China and Saint Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland from the aspects of large deformation mechanism of soft rock, classification of tunnel surrounding rock with high ground stress and deformation control technology. Some conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The large deformation of the surrounding rock in soft rock tunnel with high ground stress is mainly caused by plastic shearing and sliding due to the excavation unloading and secondary distribution of stress, which is the consequence of a combination action of lithology, groundwater, ground stress and surrounding rock geological structure. (2) The classifications of soft rock with high ground stress of Saint Gotthard Base Tunnel and Muzhailing Tunnel on LanzhouChongqing Railway adopt BQ method; and the classification of soft rock of the Muzhailing Tunnel is more comprehensive while that of Saint Gotthard Base Tunnel is more specific. (3) Under the condition of soft rock with high ground stress, the fullface excavation method used in Saint Gotthard Base Tunnel is superior to the bench method used in Muzhailing Tunnel in terms of construction management and cost control.