色季拉山隧道为川藏铁路控制性工程之一，长度超越我国已建和在建山岭铁路隧道，特长隧道面临陡峻的高原地形、复杂的地质条件、恶劣的高原高寒环境和严格的环保要求，隧道修建将面对前所未有的技术难题。论文结合隧道环境及工程、水文地质条件及建设重难点，经专题研究，开展了多个高原复杂越岭线位、隧道分合修、特长隧道总体施工方法和防灾救援等重大工程方案研究，对TBM法隧道段设计、TBM设备选型及关键技术要求、长大辅助坑道设计、越岭防灾救援等关键设计方案进行分析论述，并针对高地应力下的硬岩岩爆防控关键技术提出成套设计方案。色季拉山隧道推荐38 km长隧道越岭方案，采用“敞开式TBM为主，钻爆法为辅”的分修方案，按照“以人为本、有序疏散、安全待避、限时救援”的原则设计2座紧急救援站，制定了“预警先行，主、被动防控及作业人员安全防护”的岩爆综合防治技术。相关设计可丰富我国复杂环境下长大越岭隧道的设计技术，也可为后续类似工程的建设提供借鉴和参考。
The Shergyla Mountain tunnel is one of the controlling
projects of the SichuanTibet railway with a length that is
larger than those of the mountain railway tunnels built or under construction
in China. It faces a steep plateau terrain, complex geological conditions, a
harsh plateau alpine environment, and strict environmental protection
requirements. Consequently, tunnel construction will face unprecedented
technical problems. A series of studies, including those on the complex
mountain crossing lines in the plateau area, separated and incorporated
construction of tunnels, overall construction methods of extralong tunnels, and disaster prevention and rescue, have been
conducted based on tunnel environment and engineering, hydrogeological
conditions, and the key and difficult points of construction. In this study,
targeted designs on the tunnel boring machine (TBM) section, TBM equipment
selection and key technical requirements, long and large auxiliary tunnel, and
crossmountain disaster prevention and rescue are
analyzed and discussed, and a complete set of design schemes is put forward for
hard rock burst prevention and control under high geostress. Taking the
Shergyla Mountain tunnel as an example, a 38 kmlong
mountaincrossing tunnel, a separated tunnel
construction scheme with open TBM as the main scheme and the drillandblast method as the assistant scheme,
two rescue station settings according to the design concept of "humanoriented, orderly evacuation, safe waiting for refuge, and limited
time rescue," and a comprehensive rockburst prevention and control
technology of "early warning, active and passive prevention and control,
and safety protection of operators" are recommended. The relevant designs
can provide references for the design of long and large mountaincrossing tunnels in a complex environment for similar projects in
China in the future.
