在保证刀盘结构强度符合工程要求的条件下，为解决刀盘易结泥饼的难题，依托常德沅江过江隧道工程项目，开展软土常压刀盘结构特征设计，分析盘体结构对渣土流动性的影响，并基于灵敏度分析方法对盘体结构进行优化及评价。研究结果表明： 1）在充分考虑刀具配置及安装布置的条件下，刀盘采用5辐臂结构形式使得刀盘中心渣土流动性最佳，且开口大小宜由中心向外周缓慢增加； 2）根据灵敏度分析优化方法，刀盘前面板、换刀箱支撑板对刀盘应力影响较大，其厚度增加能够显著提高刀盘结构强度； 3）提出的盘体结构优化设计方法可以有效降低刀盘盘体质量，提升刀盘力学性能。

During slurry shield tunneling, the mud cake phenomenon often occurs on cutterheads, which should be effectively solved while ensuring their structural strength. For example, in Yuanjiang Rivercrossing tunnel in Changde, China, a targeted design is tested on a cutterhead arm in soft soil under atmospheric pressure. First, the cutterhead structure′s effect on muck fluidity is analyzed. Then, the cutterhead structure is optimized based on a sensitivity analysis method, and finally, the optimization results are evaluated. The obtained results are as follows: (1) Considering the cutter configuration and installation layout, the cutterhead structure with five arms remarkably improves the muck fluidity at its center. Therefore, the opening size should be gradually increased from the center to the periphery. (2) From the sensitivity analysis results, the front panel of the cutterhead and the support plate of the tool changing box significantly affect the stress on the cutterhead. Hence, increasing their thickness can significantly strengthen the structure of the cutterhead. (3) The proposed optimal design method of the cutterhead can reduce its weight and enhance its mechanical properties.