以韧性理念为核心的系统安全分析范式，为现代公路隧道运营安全管理提供科学而务实的新视角。为深入理解韧性理念，首先结合国内外不同工程领域对韧性研究的进展，梳理总结出以下2点共识： 1）韧性是一种综合性能力，着眼于系统全过程的表现； 2）韧性包含一系列特征属性，可用鲁棒性、冗余性、资源充裕度、快速性囊括。鉴于经典风险分析于公路隧道运营安全管理的部分局限性，探讨引入韧性视角的必要性和意义。进而定义公路隧道运营韧性，即为对影响公路隧道正常运营通行的实际或潜在负面效应，进行预防、抵抗、适应、恢复的能力，并分析全阶段性、动态演进性和量化客观性的内涵，构建初步的概念框架。再提出基于感知、响应、学习和预测4种功能来增强隧道运营韧性的路径以及初步的韧性提升措施。特别地，针对火灾风险，介绍相关的智能技术与装备案例，包括智能火灾检测、火灾预测技术和隧道入口的柔性阻拦系统等。未来，对公路隧道运营韧性的研究将不断深化，通过构建全面的理论框架，以指导实践并推动隧道运营安全管理的科学化、系统化发展，从而建立更安全、高效、可持续的隧道运营体系。
The resilience-based systemic safety analysis paradigm offers a scientific and
practical approach to managing the operational safety of modern highway
tunnels. To gain a deeper understanding of resilience, the authors review
advancements in resilience research across various engineering disciplines
globally and distill two key insights: (1) resilience is a comprehensive
capability that emphasizes performance throughout the entire process, and (2)
it comprises distinct attributes, namely robustness, redundancy, resource
adequacy, and rapid response. Recognizing the limitations of traditional risk
analysis methods in the context of highway tunnel operations, the study
underscores the necessity and value of incorporating resilience into safety
management frameworks. Operational resilience in highway tunnels is defined as
"the ability to prevent, resist, adapt to, and recover from actual or
potential disruptions that may hinder the normal operation and traffic flow of
highway tunnels". Furthermore, the concepts of full-stage performance, dynamic evolution, and objective quantification
are analyzed, leading to the development of a preliminary conceptual framework.
To enhance tunnel operational resilience, a strategy is proposed based on four
functions: perception, response, learning, and prediction, along with
preliminary measures to enhance resilience. In particular, in addressing fire
risk, intelligent technologies and systems are highlighted, including advanced
fire detection, fire prediction tools, and flexible entry-blocking mechanisms for tunnels. Future research on highway tunnel
operational resilience is expected to deepen, providing practical guidance and
promoting the scientific and systematic development of tunnel safety
management. The ultimate goal is to create a safer, more efficient, and
sustainable tunnel operation system through the establishment of a
comprehensive theoretical framework.
