为解决国内传统钻爆法斜井施工环境恶劣、安全性低和机械化程度低等问题,结合隧道掘进机技术及反井法斜井施工工艺,设计开发一种集开挖、出渣和锚网喷支护平行作业于一体的全断面斜井掘进机。根据大倾角向上掘进的特点,采用4项创新性设计： 1）搭载可有效防止千吨级设备下溜的双重防溜车装置，配合主机撑靴形成多撑靴联合支撑的安全防溜系统； 2）研制利于出渣的TBM刀盘背部结构，与盾体闸门、溜渣槽共同组成大倾角自溜排渣系统； 3）为保证大倾角下施工安全性，研制尾部安全结构和容器角度自适应调节装置； 4）在高差大、距离长的环境中，强化通风和供水，避免顶部热量集中。该研制成果已在洛宁抽水蓄能电站引水斜井成功应用并首线贯通，最高日进尺达16 m以上，可实现掘进、出渣同步作业，成井井壁质量较好、环境影响小，为斜井全断面施工提供了一种可靠的工法。
Conventional drill-and-blast
inclined shaft construction faces several challenges, including poor
environment, low safety, and limited mechanization. To address these issues, a
full-face inclined-shaft boring
machine integrating excavation, mucking, and bolt-mesh-shotcrete support functionalities is designed and developed based on
tunnel boring machine (TBM) technology and the inclined-shaft raise-boring method. Based on the
characteristics of raised boring at large inclinations, four innovative designs
are implemented: (1) A double anti-skid system,
featuring a multi-gripper mechanism combined with the
main engine gripper, is incorporated to effectively prevent the sliding of the
thousand-ton equipment, establishing a safety system.
(2) The back structure of the TBM cutterhead optimized for mucking is
developed, creating a large-inclination gravity-mucking system with a shield gate and chute. (3) To ensure
construction safety under large inclination, a tail safety structure and a
container angle adaptive adjustment device are developed. (4) In environments
with large height differences and long distances, ventilation and water supply are
enhanced to avoid heat concentration at the upper sections. The developed
results have been successfully applied in the diversion inclined shaft of the
Luoning pumped storage power station, and the first line was penetrated. The
maximum daily penetration is more than 16 m, enabling synchronous excavation
and mucking with high-quality shaft walls with minimal
impact on the environment.
