为在城市密集区的高铁选线及环境振动评价提供理论依据，明确高铁盾构隧道车致振动对沿线环境的振动影响特征与规律，采用基于2.5D有限元-基本解方法（2.5D FEM-MFS）的车致环境振动预测模型，以设计车速为350 km/h、外径为13.8 m的高铁盾构隧道为研究对象，通过轮轨耦合动力学与波数域场耦合分析，揭示典型工况高铁盾构隧道车致振动振源及传播规律。研究结果表明： 1）高铁盾构隧道振动呈现显著的频段分化特征，30 Hz以下低频振动以围岩剪切波形式传播（波速为734 m/s），30~70 Hz频段为管片-围岩协同振动，80 Hz以上高频振动由管片弯曲波主导（波速为1 066 m/s或2 000 m/s）； 2）隧道内Z振级从轨道板处80.9 dB衰减至拱顶47.6 dB，隧道拱顶两侧因高阶振型出现55 dB局部放大； 3）地表振动呈现非单调空间衰减特性，存在局部振动放大现象，最大Z振级46.7 dB出现在距隧道中线32 m处，满足Ⅰ类振动功能区限值要求，最大速度为1.73 μm/s,满足VC-E级精密仪器容许标准； 4）与典型地铁环境振动工况相比，高铁盾构隧道内具有Z振级较低、地表环境振动高频分频振级较低，但随距离衰减缓慢的特征。

The characteristics and propagation mechanisms of train-induced vibrations in high-speed railway shield tunnels are critical for route selection and the assessment of vibration-induced environmental impacts in densely built urban areas. In this study, a train-induced vibration prediction model is established based on a 2.5-dimensional finite element method-method of fundamental solutions (2.5D FEM-MFS). Focusing on a 350 km/h high-speed railway shield tunnel with an external diameter of 13.8 m, wheel-rail coupling dynamics and wavenumber-domain field coupling analyses reveal the vibration source characteristics and propagation patterns under typical operational conditions. The primary findings are as follows: (1) Train-induced vibrations in high-speed railway shield tunnels exhibit distinct frequency-dependent propagation; components below 30 Hz primarily propagate as shear waves in the surrounding rock (734 m/s wave velocity), components within 30-70 Hz involve coupled vibration of the tunnel and soil, and components above 80 Hz are dominated by segment bending waves (1 066 m/s and 2 000 m/s). (2) The Z vibration level attenuates from 80.9 dB at the track slab to 47.6 dB at the crown, with localized amplification up to 55 dB at the sidewalls due to higher-order vibration modes. (3) Surface vibrations exhibit non-monotonic spatial attenuation with localized amplification, where the maximum Z vibration level of 46.1 dB occurs 43 m from the tunnel centerline (complying with Class Ⅰ vibration limits), and the maximum velocity of 1.73 μm/s meets VC-E criteria for precision instruments. (4) Compared to typical metro vibration conditions, high-speed railway shield tunnels exhibit lower internal Z vibration levels and reduced surface high-frequency band vibration levels, although the latter attenuates more gradually with distance.