硬岩顶管施工过程中管底积渣常引起顶进阻力增大甚至卡管问题，严重影响施工效率和安全性。为了解影响清渣效率的关键因素与技术原理，并制定合理的清渣方案，采用理论分析、模型试验与工程实践相结合的方法，提出一种基于射流振荡清运原理的新型清渣方法，研究射流直径、射流压力、上覆质量及射流类型对清渣效率的影响，并结合超硬岩顶管工程实测数据对该清渣方法进行有效性验证。研究结果表明： 1）射流直径与清渣效率呈正相关，直径从0.5 mm增至0.7 mm时，出渣量提升41%~75%； 2）清渣效果受射流压力、上覆质量及射流类型综合影响，其中出渣量与射流压力呈线性正相关，与上覆质量呈负相关，且旋转射流对压力变化更敏感，直射流受上覆质量影响更显著； 3）高上覆质量条件下，旋转射流出渣量较直射流提高75.4%~104.6%，最优参数组合为旋转射流+40 MPa射流压力； 4）相比传统技术，该新型清渣方法的清渣量提升99.5%，清渣后中继间油缺压强降低17.18%。

During hard rock pipe jacking, muck accumulation at the pipe bottom frequently increases jacking resistance and can even cause pipe blockage, severely compromising construction efficiency and safety. To identify the key factors influencing muck removal efficiency and to establish the relevant technical principles, a methodology combining theoretical analysis, model experiments, and engineering validation is employed. A novel muck removal technique based on the principle of jet oscillation is proposed. The effects of jet pressure, overburden mass, and jet type on muck removal efficiency are systematically examined. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using data from a superhard rock pipe jacking project. The findings are as follows: (1) Muck removal efficiency increases with jet diameter, improving by 41%－75% as the diameter increases from 0.5 to 0.7 mm. (2) Jet pressure, overburden mass, and jet type collectively influence muck removal. Specifically, muck removal exhibits a linear positive correlation with jet pressure and a negative correlation with overburden mass. Rotary jets are more sensitive to pressure variation, while straight jets are more affected by overburden mass. (3) Under high overburden mass conditions, rotary jets outperform straight jets by 75.4%－104.6%, with 40 MPa rotary jet pressure identified as the optimal parameter. (4) Compared with conventional methods, the jet oscillation-based muck removal technique improves muck-removal efficiency by 99.5% and reduces total jacking resistance by 17.18% after muck clearance.