针对现行高地应力判据在软质围岩大变形及岩体强度在15~60 MPa区段适用性不足的问题，通过现场测试、案例调研、理论分析与有限元模拟相结合的方法，探讨适用于全岩体强度范围的高地应力判识准则。主要结论有： 1）高地应力隧道灾变模式与岩体力学特性密切相关，岩体强度在15~60 MPa区段主要表现为松弛破碎与变形侵限； 2）基于能量原理，提出岩体破碎过程中能量转化的非线性特征，即破碎耗散能随岩体强度及脆-韧性呈先升后降趋势，并据此提出最优岩体强度与最优脆性指数假设； 3）基于岩体强度应力比，建立全岩体强度范围的高地应力判据，划分不同岩体强度范围的高地应力灾变类别，为不同地质条件下隧道工程灾害防控提供理论依据。

In response to the limited applicability of the currently accepted high-geostress criterion in soft surrounding rocks prone to large deformations and within a rock mass strength range of 15－60 MPa, the authors integrate in-situ testing, case history investigations, theoretical analyses, and finite-element modeling to develop an improved criterion applicable across the entire rock mass strength spectrum. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The failure pattern of high-geostress tunnels is strongly controlled by the mechanical properties of the associated rock mass; within the 15－60 MPa strength range, relaxation-induced fracturing and excessive convergence predominate. (2) Based on energy principles, nonlinear energy conversion accompanying rock mass fracturing is revealed: energy dissipation during fragmentation initially increases and subsequently decreases with increasing rock mass strength and brittle-ductile transition index. This finding suggests an optimal rock mass strength and brittleness index. (3) A novel high-geostress criterion is proposed that is valid for all rock mass strengths, thereby providing a theoretical basis for hazard prevention and control in tunnel engineering under diverse geological conditions. These findings effectively overcome the limitations of existing criteria and provide clear engineering guidance.