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隧道建设(中英文) ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1964-1979.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2021.11.011

• 专家论坛 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国TBM法隧道工程技术的发展、现状及展望

齐梦学   

  1. (中铁十八局集团隧道工程有限公司, 重庆 400700
  • 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-11-23
  • 作者简介:齐梦学(1973—),男,河北乐亭人,2010年毕业于石家庄铁道大学,建筑与土木工程专业,硕士,正高级工程师,现从事TBM施工技术、施工管理研究与应用工作。E-mail: tbmabc@163.com。

Development, Current Status, and Prospects of TBM Tunneling Technology in China

QI Mengxue   

  1. China Railway 18 Bureau Group Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400700, China
  • Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-11-23

摘要: 岩石隧道掘进机(TBM)在我国的应用与发展已经有近60年历史,了解我国TBM法隧道工程技术发展历程,有助于正确认识其现状,判明下一步的发展趋势。在详细回顾我国TBM法隧道工程5个发展阶段基础上,从10个方面全面分析我国TBM法隧道工程现状: 规模上总体呈小幅波动、持续上升状态;分布区域上以西部地区为主,华东、西南、东北、华南占比依次下降;分布领域上以水利水电工程和市政工程为主(占90%);开挖直径以68 m直径系列为主(占70%);施工工法方面TBM法与钻爆法相结合、互为补充;TBM平均月进尺从数十米到千米大幅波动,以200700 m/月为主(占75%),施工工期受平均月进尺和掘进长度的影响差异巨大,以14年为主(占70%);机型以敞开式和双护盾TBM为主(占90%);品牌以铁建重工、罗宾斯、中铁装备为主(占70%),新增市场大多被拥有自主知识产权的铁建重工和中铁装备设备占有(占90%以上);TBM零部件国产化比例越来越高,但部分关键部件仍然依赖进口;有TBM施工业绩的建筑企业近30家,中铁隧道局和中铁十八局以显著优势稳居第一梯队。进而提出我国TBM法隧道工程技术展望: 1)从规模上将经历升—平—降—稳的波动发展过程,目前正处于上升期,从分布区域、分布领域上近期仍将以西部地区、水利水电工程和轨道交通工程为主; 2TBM法与钻爆法联合施工的方法将会长期存在,并且TBM法占比及单台TBM在同一工程中的施工长度均呈增长趋势; 3)支护技术、支护系统将迎来重大创新; 4)复杂地质TBM法隧道施工技术正在全面研发与实践,即将实现巨大突破; 5)斜井TBM、竖井TBM、微型TBM、超大直径TBM、复合式(多模式)TBM、异形断面TBM等新型TBM已经开始研发应用,正在取得长足进步,技术成熟后将得以大力推广,TBM关键部件必将全面实现国产化; 6)大数据技术、人工智能技术、5G技术将助力TBM施工管理更加科学、客观、全面,并最终实现智能化施工。

关键词: 岩石隧道掘进机(TBM), TBM发展历程, TBM现状, TBM展望, 支护, 复杂地质, 新型TBM, 微型TBM, 智能化

Abstract: Because rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have been used in China for nearly 60 years, understanding the development history of the TBM tunneling technology in China is useful to learn its current status correctly and determine the development trend in the next step. Accordingly, the authors thoroughly examined five development stages of the current status of TBM tunneling technology in China in detail from 10 perspectives, including scale, distribution area, distribution field, excavation diameter, construction method, construction period, type, brand, component, and construction enterprise. The development trends of TBM tunneling technology in China are put forward as follows: (1)On a larger scale, it will go through a fluctuating development process of rising, leveling, falling, and stabilizing, and is currently rising. The western region will be the primary focus, and the water conservation, hydropower, and rail transit projects will be the primary fields soon. (2)The combination of the TBM method and drillandblast method will exist for a long time, whereas the TBM method will take a larger proportion and bore longer in the same project. (3)The support technology system will usher in significant changes. (4)The TBM tunneling technology in complex geology is being fully developed and practiced, and a significant breakthrough is about to be achieved. (5)New TBMs, including inclined shaft TBM, vertical shaft TBM, micro TBM, superlarge diameter TBM, composite (multimode) TBM, specialshaped crosssection TBM, etc.KG-*3, have been developed and applied, and are making great progress. They will become popular once they have reached maturity, and the key TBM components will be nationalized in the future. (6)The big data technology, artificial intelligence technology, and 5G technology will promote intelligent TBM tunneling.

Key words: rock tunnel boring machine (TBM), development history, current status, prospects, support, complex geology, new TBM, micro TBM, intelligent construction

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