长距离隧道全施工期压入式通风系统运行策略分析

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.08.011

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1715-1728.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.08.011

长距离隧道全施工期压入式通风系统运行策略分析

张浩¹，徐琳^{1, *}，刘杰^{1, 2}，于伟³，王仕慧⁴，解富强¹

（1. 山东建筑大学热能工程学院, 山东济南 250101； 2. 西南交通大学土木工程学院，四川成都 610031；3. 中铁十四局集团第五工程有限公司, 山东青岛 266000； 4. 皇家动力（武汉）有限公司，湖北武汉 430061）

出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-08-20
作者简介:张浩（2001—），男，山东临沂人，山东建筑大学人工环境工程专业在读硕士，研究方向为隧道及地下工程通风。E-mail： zhanghaoSLR@163.com。 *通信作者：徐琳， E-mail： xlzxq@sdjzu.edu.cn。

Fan Operation Strategy for Pressed-in Ventilation Systems Throughout Construction Period of Long Tunnels

ZHANG Hao¹, XU Lin^{1, *}, LIU Jie^{1, 2}, YU Wei³, WANG Shihui⁴, XIE Fuqiang¹

(1. Department of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China; 2. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; 3. China Railway 14th Bureau Group Fifth Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; 4. Royal Power (Wuhan) Corporation Limited, Wuhan 430061, Hubei, China)

Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决长距离隧道施工期内压入式通风系统风机运行调整策略缺乏便捷有效分析方法的问题，提出以风机效率作为双风机串联间距合理性的评判准则，替代传统经验确定方式，以提升全施工周期通风运行策略制定的科学性与准确性。基于压入式送风性能有效性评估理论模型，构建适用于全施工周期的压入式通风系统风机运行策略分析方法，通过确定单风机不同转速下有效送风范围，以及2台不同型号风机串联时的最小串联间距、最大串联间距和有效送风距离，形成可随掘进距离动态调整的风机运行方案。提出风机串联间距的定量确定方法，基于串联间距对双风机效率影响的评估，建立合理串联间距的概念及其定量计算方法，并结合曹家地斜井施工段隧道工程案例进行分析。主要结论如下： 1)随着百米漏风率从1%增至4%，风机最大送风距离下降1 270 m，掘进初期单风机存在明显的送风量富余与低效问题，应根据掘进距离对转速进行阶段性动态调整。2)基于双风机效率均不低于60%的准则，针对不同漏风率与送风距离工况定量确定了合理串联间距区间。3)百米漏风率为1%时，推荐双风机合理串联间距为1 050~1 130 m，双风机串联可将有效送风距离由2 580 m延伸至3 910 m。

关键词: 长距离隧道, 风机运行策略, 串联间距, 压入式通风, 风机运行参数, 全施工期

Abstract: During long tunnel construction, convenient and effective analytical methods for formulating fan operation adjustment strategies in pressed-in ventilation systems are lacking. To address this issue, fan efficiency is proposed as the criterion for evaluating the appropriateness of the series spacing between two fans, replacing the traditional empirical approach. Based on a theoretical model for evaluating the performance of pressed-in ventilation systems, a method for analyzing fan operation strategies throughout the entire construction period is developed. The method determines the effective air supply range of a single fan at different rotational speeds, as well as the minimum and maximum series spacing and the effective air supply distance for two fans of different models connected in series, thereby establishing a fan operation scheme that can be dynamically adjusted according to the tunnel excavation distance. In addition, a quantitative method for determining the appropriate series spacing is proposed based on an evaluation of the effect of series spacing on dual-fan efficiency and is demonstrated through a case study of the Caojiadi inclined-shaft tunnel project. The results indicate the following: (1) As the leakage rate per 100 m increases from 1% to 4%, the maximum air supply distance decreases by up to 1 270 m. During the initial stage of tunnel excavation, staged adjustment of the fan rotational speed is required. (2) Based on the criterion that the efficiencies of both fans remain at or above 60%, appropriate series spacing intervals are quantitatively determined for various leakage rates and air supply distances. (3) When the leakage rate per 100 m is 1%, the recommended series spacing ranges from 1 050 m to 1 130 m, extending the effective air supply distance from 2 580 m to 3 910 m.

Key words: long-distance tunnel, fan operation strategy, series spacing between two fans, pressed-in ventilation, fan operating parameters, entire construction period

张浩, 徐琳, 刘杰, 于伟, 王仕慧, 解富强. 长距离隧道全施工期压入式通风系统运行策略分析[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(8): 1715-1728.

ZHANG Hao, XU Lin, LIU Jie, YU Wei, WANG Shihui, XIE Fuqiang. Fan Operation Strategy for Pressed-in Ventilation Systems Throughout Construction Period of Long Tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(8): 1715-1728.

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长距离隧道全施工期压入式通风系统运行策略分析

Fan Operation Strategy for Pressed-in Ventilation Systems Throughout Construction Period of Long Tunnels

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