TBM引水隧洞格构支护足尺结构试验加载系统研发与应用

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.10.002

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 2080-2093.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.10.002

TBM引水隧洞格构支护足尺结构试验加载系统研发与应用

耿麒¹, 杨润锋¹, 王立川^{2, 3, 4, *}, 章慧健⁴, 郭惠川^{3, 5}, 王建伟^{3, 5}, 刘志强⁶

(1. 长安大学机械工程与智能装备学院高速公路筑养装备与技术教育部工程研究中心, 陕西西安 710064； 2. 山东大学齐鲁交通学院, 山东济南 250061； 3. 中铁十八局集团有限公司, 天津 300222； 4. 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 四川成都 610031； 5. 中铁十八局集团隧道工程有限公司, 重庆 400707；6. 中铁西南科学研究院有限公司, 四川成都 611731)

出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-10-20
作者简介:耿麒(1989—),男,山东淄博人,2017年毕业于西安交通大学，机械工程专业,博士,教授,主要从事隧道掘进装备开掘系统的研究工作。E-mail: gengqi@chd.edu.cn。*通信作者: 王立川， E-mail: wlc773747@126.com。

Development and Application of a Full-Scale Structural Test Loading System for Steel Arch Support Structures of TBM Diversion Tunnels

GENG Qi¹, YANG Runfeng¹, WANG Lichuan^{2, 3, 4, *}, ZHANG Huijian⁴, GUO Huichuan^{3, 5}, WANG Jianwei^{3, 5}, LIU Zhiqiang⁶

(1. Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Expressway Construction and Maintenance Equipment and Technology, College of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Equipment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi, China; 2. Qilu Transportation School, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; 3. China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300222, China; 4. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; 5. China Railway 18th Bureau Group Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400707, China; 6. China Railway Southwest Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China）

Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对适配于TBM引水隧洞支护快速施工的格构式高性能潮喷纤维混凝土支护结构，为验证其实际工况下的结构可靠性，研发适用于工程现场环形支护结构的足尺模型加载试验系统，并通过多工况逐级加载试验验证加载系统的长期可靠性与格构支护结构的整体承载性能。制备外径为7.8 m、厚度为0.23 m、高度为3 m的足尺格构支护结构模型；研制包括高3 m的反力墙系统、24套独立的液压加载系统与支撑传力机构、1套PLC伺服总控的闭环控制系统，环向设24个加载点位，每个点位由2支液压油缸通过均载梁加载，单支油缸最大行程为200 mm、最大推力为2 000 kN。建立液压加载与控制系统传递函数，开展基于粒子群算法的PID(proportional-integral-derivative，比例-积分-微分)控制参数优化，给出比例系数K_P、积分系数K_I、微分系数K_D的建议值为20、6、2，优化后超调量降至1%，可实现分段加载、保载、卸载及失稳自动卸载。现场24套系统环形加载表明： 1）在600~1 300 kN力值平均误差小于3%；Ⅴ类围岩格构支护结构非均匀加载14级中，第6~11级相对误差基本小于3%，最低为1.3%。2）支护结构裂纹主要分布于3^#、12^#、18^#、22^#点位，最终呈剪切破坏；混凝土最大轴力为4 244 kN，钢架最大受压轴力为1 070 kN。3）针对Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类围岩设计的格构支护结构设计荷载分别为47 520、51 360、57 120 kN，安全系数为4.2~4.3，Ⅴ类围岩格构支护结构具备1.35倍设计荷载承载能力与良好变形柔韧性，该系统控制精度满足足尺试验要求。

关键词: TBM引水隧洞, 格构支护结构, 足尺试验, 液压加载系统, PID控制

Abstract: A full-scale annular support model loading test system suitable for field application was developed to verify the structural reliability of the steel arch and polypropylene fiber-reinforced wet-mix shotcrete composite support structure used for rapid TBM water-diversion tunnel support. Multicondition step-by-step loading tests verified the long-term reliability of the loading system and the overall load-bearing performance of the support structure. A full-scale steel arch and polypropylene fiber-reinforced wet-mix shotcrete composite support structure model with an outer diameter of 7.8 m, a wall thickness of 0.23 m, and a height of 3 m was fabricated. The loading system comprises a 3-m-high reaction wall system, 24 independent hydraulic loading systems with force transmission mechanisms, and a programmable logic controller-based closed-loop servo master control system. Twenty-four loading points were arranged circumferentially, each loaded by two hydraulic cylinders through a load-distributing beam. The maximum stroke and thrust of each cylinder were 200 mm and 2 000 kN, respectively. Furthermore, the transfer function of the hydraulic loading and control system was established, and particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the proportional-integral-derivative control, yielding recommended proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients of 20, 6, and 2, respectively. After optimization, the overshoot decreased to 1%. The developed system reliably performed step loading, load holding, unloading, and automatic unloading under instability. Loading verification tests show that (1) the average load error across the 24 synchronized systems under simultaneous annular loading at 600－1 300 kN was below 3%; for Grade Ⅴ surrounding rock support structures, 14-level nonuniform loading tests yielded relative errors generally below 3% at levels 6－11, with a minimum of 1.3%; (2) cracks occurred mainly at measuring points #3, #12, #18, and #22, and the final failure was shear, with a maximum concrete axial force of 4 244 kN and a maximum steel arch compressive axial force of 1 070 kN; and (3) the design loads of the support structures for Grades Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ surrounding rock were 47 520, 51 360, and 57 120 kN, respectively, with safety factors of 4.2－4.3. The steel arch and polypropylene fiber-reinforced wet-mix shotcrete composite support structure designed for Grade Ⅴ surrounding rock exhibited a load-bearing capacity 1.35 times the design load and good deformation flexibility. The system’s control accuracy meets full-scale test requirements.

Key words: TBM water-diversion tunnel, steel arch support structure, full-scale test, hydraulic loading system, proportional-integral-derivative control

耿麒, 杨润锋, 王立川, 章慧健, 郭惠川, 王建伟, 刘志强. TBM引水隧洞格构支护足尺结构试验加载系统研发与应用[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(10): 2080-2093.

GENG Qi, YANG Runfeng, WANG Lichuan, ZHANG Huijian, GUO Huichuan, WANG Jianwei, LIU Zhiqiang. Development and Application of a Full-Scale Structural Test Loading System for Steel Arch Support Structures of TBM Diversion Tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(10): 2080-2093.

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TBM引水隧洞格构支护足尺结构试验加载系统研发与应用

Development and Application of a Full-Scale Structural Test Loading System for Steel Arch Support Structures of TBM Diversion Tunnels

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