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隧道建设(中英文) ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 503-507.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.1672-741X.2014.06.001

• 专家论谈 •    下一篇

水下隧道工程实践面临的挑战、对策及思考

钱七虎1,2   

  1. (1.解放军理工大学国防工程学院, 江苏 南京 210007; 2.解放军理工大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210007)
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-13 修回日期:2014-04-10 出版日期:2014-06-20 发布日期:2014-06-16
  • 作者简介:钱七虎(1937—),男,江苏昆山人,1965年毕业于莫斯科古比雪夫军事工程学院,防护工程专业,副博士,教授、博士生导师,现从事隧道及地下工程建设科研工作。

Challenges in Construction of Underwater Tunnels and Countermeasures

QIAN Qihu1, 2   

  1. (1. College of National Defense Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China)
  • Received:2014-03-13 Revised:2014-04-10 Online:2014-06-20 Published:2014-06-16

摘要:

首先介绍钻爆法、TBM/盾构法以及沉管法3种主要水下隧道建设方法的优点及不足,进而从地质条件、水流速度、水面交通、隧道埋深、通行车道数量、渗漏情况、工程总量、施工工期、施工安全、工程造价等方面对3种修建方法进行对比分析。最后重点分析当前水下隧道工程建设过程中存在的主要挑战与相应对策,主要包括: 沉管法施工中河床冲刷、管段局部高出河床、埋深增大的挑战及对策,盾构穿越浅覆土层、刀盘刀具磨损、埋深提高、轴承损坏及盾构通过断层和破碎地层施工中的挑战与对策。

关键词: 水下隧道, 钻爆法, TBM/盾构法, 沉管法, 盾构施工, 工程对策

Abstract:

The advantages and disadvantages of three major underwater tunnel construction methods, including drill and blast method, TBM/shield method and immersed tube method, are presented. Comparison and contrast is made among the three mentioned construction methods in terms of geological conditions, water flow velocity, water surface transportation, cover depth, number of traffic lanes, water leakage, work quantity, construction period, construction safety and construction cost. Finally, major challenges in the construction of underwater tunnels and their countermeasures are analyzed. In the construction of immersed tunnels, the erosion of the riverbed, the phenomenon of the local parts of tube elements being higher than the riverbed and the increasing cover depth are big challenges; in the TBM/shield method, boring under shallow cover, wearing of cutter heads and cutting tools, increasing cover depth, damage of main bearing and boring in fault and fracture zones are big challenges.

Key words: underwater tunnel, drill and blast method, TBM/shield method, immersed tube method, shield tunneling, countermeasure