隧道排水系统结晶预防复配阻垢剂及协同作用机理

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.02.002

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 246-259.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.02.002

隧道排水系统结晶预防复配阻垢剂及协同作用机理

叶飞¹，崔浩¹，同月苹¹，赵苗龙¹，伍博文¹，田崇明¹，张永刚²

（1. 长安大学公路学院，陕西西安 710064； 2. 中铁建科检测有限公司，陕西西安 710016）

出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-02-20
作者简介:叶飞（1977—），男，陕西安康人，2007年毕业于同济大学，结构工程专业，博士，教授，主要从事隧道及地下工程方面的研究与教学工作。E-mail： xianyefei@126.com。

Crystallization Prevention Composite Scale Inhibitor and Synergistic Mechanism of Tunnel Drainage Systems

YE Fei¹, CUI Hao¹, TONG Yueping¹, ZHAO Miaolong¹, WU Bowen¹, TIAN Chongming¹, ZHANG Yonggang²

(1. School of Highway, Chang′an University, Xi′an 710064, Shaanxi, China; 2. China Railway Construction Technology Testing Co., Ltd., Xi′an 710016, Shaanxi, China)

Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-02-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为延长隧道排水系统结晶堵塞的处治周期、降低维养成本，以降低隧道排水系统结晶风险为目标，进行预防结晶堵塞的新材料及工艺研发，提出基于阻垢剂的隧道排水系统结晶防治措施。通过调研及试验，筛选满足隧道应用环境的阻垢剂单体，并开展二元复配阻垢剂性能室内试验。在探究不同复配阻垢剂协同增效作用的基础上，优选出可有效减缓结晶生成的复配阻垢剂，并利用物相测试、微观形貌分析及红外光谱测试手段，探究最优复配阻垢剂的协同增效作用机理。最终提出应用方案，并通过隧道现场试验验证复配阻垢剂的工程应用效果。研究表明： 1）聚天冬氨酸（PASP)与2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸（PBTCA）二元复配体系（质量浓度比为1∶1）性能最优，阻垢率达94%。2）微观分析表明，PASP∶PBTCA复配阻垢剂使碳酸钙多以不稳定态球霰石形式存在，占比60.3%，其通过多官能团的协同作用，基于化学螯合、晶格渗透、物理分散与表面吸附多重阻垢机制，共同抑制碳酸钙结晶体的形成。3）现场试验验证复配阻垢剂可有效抑制碳酸钙结晶在排水管壁的附着，并且具有良好的分散作用，可阻断碳酸钙结晶析出—附着—生长的恶性循环。

关键词: 隧道排水系统, 结晶堵塞, 预防措施, 阻垢剂, 协同作用机理

Abstract: To prolong the treatment cycle of crystallization blockage in tunnel drainage systems, reduce maintenance costs, and lower crystallization risk, novel materials and processes for preventing crystallization blockage are developed, and scale inhibitor-based crystallization prevention measures for tunnel drainage systems are proposed. Scale inhibitor monomers suitable for the tunnel application environment are screened through investigation and testing, and indoor performance tests of binary composite scale inhibitors are conducted. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of different composite scale inhibitors are examined, the composite scale inhibitor capable of effectively slowing crystallization is identified, and phase analysis, microstructural characterization, and infrared spectroscopy are employed to investigate the synergistic mechanism of the optimal composite scale inhibitor. Finally, an application scheme is proposed, and the engineering performance of the composite scale inhibitor is verified through tunnel field tests. The results show the following: (1) The polyaspartic acid（PASP）∶ phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid(PBTCA) (1∶1) binary composite system exhibits the best performance, with a scale inhibition rate of 94%. (2) Microscopic analysis indicates that the PASP∶PBTCA composite scale inhibitor promotes the formation of unstable vaterite calcium carbonate, accounting for 60.3%. Based on multiple scale inhibition mechanisms, including chemical chelation, lattice distortion, physical dispersion, and surface adsorption, this composite scale inhibitor suppresses calcium carbonate crystal formation through the synergistic action of multifunctional groups. (3) Field test results confirm that the composite scale inhibitor effectively inhibits calcium carbonate crystallization adhesion on drainage pipe walls and exhibits good dispersion performance, thereby interrupting the vicious cycle of calcium carbonate crystallization, precipitation, adhesion, and growth.

Key words: tunnel drainage system, crystallization blockage, preventive measures, scale inhibitor, cooperative formation mechanism

叶飞, 崔浩, 同月苹, 赵苗龙, 伍博文, 田崇明, 张永刚. 隧道排水系统结晶预防复配阻垢剂及协同作用机理[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(2): 246-259.

YE Fei, CUI Hao, TONG Yueping, ZHAO Miaolong, WU Bowen, TIAN Chongming, ZHANG Yonggang. Crystallization Prevention Composite Scale Inhibitor and Synergistic Mechanism of Tunnel Drainage Systems[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(2): 246-259.

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隧道排水系统结晶预防复配阻垢剂及协同作用机理

Crystallization Prevention Composite Scale Inhibitor and Synergistic Mechanism of Tunnel Drainage Systems

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