超长海底隧道排烟系统创新构想及技术路径

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.10.010

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 2191-2199.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.10.010

超长海底隧道排烟系统创新构想及技术路径

陈玉远^{1， 2}，梅方晨^{1， 2}，车轮飞^{1， 2}，刘健^{1， 2}，资谊^{1， 2}，孙文昊^{1， 2}，李沙³，姜学鹏⁴

（1. 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司，湖北武汉 430063； 2. 水下隧道技术国家地方联合工程研究中心，湖北武汉 430063； 3. 武汉市市政工程招标设计造价服务中心，湖北武汉 430015； 4. 武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院，湖北武汉 430081）

出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-10-20
作者简介:陈玉远（1982—），男，安徽萧县人，2007年毕业于重庆大学，暖通专业，硕士，正高级工程师，现从事暖通、给排水技术工作。E-mail: 004050@crfsdi.com。

Innovative Design and Technical Path of a Smoke Exhaust System for an Extra-Long Submarine Tunnel

CHEN Yuyuan^{1, 2}, MEI Fangchen^{1, 2}, CHE Lunfei^{1, 2}, LIU Jian^{1, 2}, ZI Yi^{1, 2}, SUN Wenhao^{1, 2}, LI Sha³, JIANG Xuepeng⁴

(1. China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China; 2. National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Underwater Tunnel Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China; 3. Wuhan Municipal Engineering Bidding Design Cost Service Center, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China; 4. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China)

Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为突破20 km级及以上超长海底隧道排烟系统技术瓶颈，构建安全可靠和高效的排烟体系，以减少新风混入量、降低风道风压为核心思路，开展超长海底隧道排烟系统创新设计与可行性验证研究。采用理论计算分析与火灾动力学模拟器（fire dynamics simulator，FDS）三维数值模拟相结合的方法，构建包含烟气蔓延长度、上游烟气逆流长度、人员疏散环境、排烟效率在内的多指标约束评估模型；提出排烟口间距大于60 m的大间距点式排烟技术，配合火源上游纵向通风与下游水幕柔性隔烟系统，抑制烟气向上游蔓延并减少下游补风量；同时，提出联络烟道+串联风机房协同排烟技术，通过增加排烟路径、分摊单路径风量，优化风道压力分布，降低风道阻力与漏风率。数值模拟与计算结果表明： 1）在50 MW火源功率下，开启2排水幕喷头，水幕柔性隔烟系统挡烟效率达82.05%，隔热效率为96.83%，降温效率为61.32%； 2）大间距点式排烟配合水幕柔性隔烟方法使系统排烟效率提升至98.16%； 3）在联络烟道与串联风机房协同作用下，排烟区段最大长度可提升至22.8 km，隧道2 m高度处温度稳定在20 ℃、能见度满足10 m以上疏散要求，上游烟气逆流长度控制在30 m以内。

关键词: 海底隧道, 排烟系统, 大间距点式排烟, 水幕柔性隔烟方法, 联络烟道, 串联风机房, FDS模拟

Abstract: Smoke extraction systems for extra-long submarine tunnels (>20 km) represent a substantial technical challenge. Therefore, an innovative smoke exhaust system was developed based on reducing fresh air entrainment and lowering air duct pressure, and its safe, reliable, and highly efficient performance was verified. First, theoretical calculations and three-dimensional numerical simulations of fire dynamics are used to construct a multi-index constrained evaluation model that includes the smoke spread range, upstream backflow length, evacuation environment, and smoke exhaust efficiency. Next, a large-spacing point-type smoke exhaust scheme with an exhaust vent spacing of more than 60 m is developed. This scheme integrates upstream longitudinal ventilation with a downstream water curtain flexible smoke isolation system to restrain upstream smoke spread and reduce downstream air supply. Finally, an optimized scheme of interconnecting smoke ducts and series fan rooms is developed to increase the length of the smoke exhaust path, distribute the air volume of a single path, optimize the air pressure distribution in the air ducts, and reduce the air duct resistance and air leakage rate. The simulation and calculation results show the following: (1) Under a 50 MW heat load, the flexible smoke isolation system with two rows of water curtain nozzles activated achieves a smoke blocking efficiency of 82.05%, a heat insulation efficiency of 96.83%, and a cooling efficiency of 61.32%. (2) The large-spacing point-type smoke exhaust combined with water curtain isolation increases the smoke exhaust efficiency of the system to 98.16%. (3) With the addition of interconnecting smoke ducts and series fan rooms, the maximum length of the smoke exhaust section can be extended to 22.8 km. The temperature at a height of 2 m above the tunnel floor stabilizes at 20 ℃, visibility meets the evacuation requirement of more than 10 m, and the upstream smoke backflow length is controlled within 30 m.

Key words: submarine tunnel, smoke exhaust system, large-spacing point-type smoke exhaust, water curtain flexible smoke isolation, interconnecting smoke duct, series fan room, fire dynamics simulator

陈玉远, 梅方晨, 车轮飞, 刘健, 资谊, 孙文昊, 李沙, 姜学鹏. 超长海底隧道排烟系统创新构想及技术路径[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(10): 2191-2199.

CHEN Yuyuan, MEI Fangchen, CHE Lunfei, LIU Jian, ZI Yi, SUN Wenhao, LI Sha, JIANG Xuepeng. Innovative Design and Technical Path of a Smoke Exhaust System for an Extra-Long Submarine Tunnel[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(10): 2191-2199.

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超长海底隧道排烟系统创新构想及技术路径

Innovative Design and Technical Path of a Smoke Exhaust System for an Extra-Long Submarine Tunnel

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