隧道爆破冲击波阻波降噪台车的试验与数值模拟

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.10.015

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 2250-2261.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.10.015

隧道爆破冲击波阻波降噪台车的试验与数值模拟

周贤舜^{1, 2}，张燕勇²，张学民^{2, *}，陈进^{2, 3}，胡涛^{2, 3}，袁立^{2, 3}，费建波¹

(1. 深圳大学土木与交通工程学院, 广东深圳 518000； 2. 中南大学土木工程学院, 湖南长沙 410075； 3. 贵州省公路工程集团有限公司, 贵州贵阳 550008)

出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-10-20
作者简介:周贤舜(1993—), 男, 湖南湘潭人, 2023年毕业于中南大学，土木工程专业, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事隧道爆破环境影响与控制研究工作。 E-mail: zhouxs0056@szu.edu.cn。*通信作者: 张学民, E-mail: zhangxm@csu.edu.cn。

Experiment and Numerical Simulation of a Wave-Blocking and Noise-Reducing Trolley for Tunnel-Blasting Airblast

ZHOU Xianshun^{1, 2}, ZHANG Yanyong², ZHANG Xuemin^{2, *}, CHEN Jin^{2, 3}, HU Tao^{2, 3}, YUAN Li^{2, 3}, FEI Jianbo¹

(1. College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China; 2. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China; 3. Guizhou Highway Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550008, Guizhou, China)

Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对隧道爆破空气冲击波可能造成洞口超压超限和噪声扰民问题，开展隧道阻波降噪台车现场试验与数值模拟研究。依托新建公路隧道工程，结合洞口环境监测及台车前后对比测试，利用6组现场爆破试验数据，分析空气冲击波在隧道及洞口的衰减与传播规律；采用超压峰值、频谱主频及A计权声压级等指标，评价台车对冲击波压力和噪声的削减效果；进一步建立数值模型，分析台车作用下隧道内冲击波流场及能量传播变化。结果表明： 1）隧道空间的管道效应和壁面反射作用使空气冲击波发生多次增强，导致衰减减缓。首段超压脉冲上升时间仅20 μs，呈现较强的瞬态冲击特征。2）实测空气冲击波频带总体覆盖2～150 Hz，主频多低于20 Hz，表明低频及次声成分是洞口噪声环境影响的重要组成部分。3）台车作用后，563~569 m区段的超压峰值平均降低76%，线性声压级平均下降12.3 dB；频谱对比显示，台车对100 Hz以上高频成分削减较明显，但对30 Hz以下低频成分的抑制相对有限。4）台车由固定隔音板和柔性防护帷幕组成，数值模拟表明，台车改变了隧道内气流流场结构，通过阻挡、分流和耗散作用削弱冲击波能量，降低隧道爆破空气冲击波及其噪声影响，与现场监测中超压峰值及声压级降低的变化相一致。

关键词: 隧道爆破, 空气冲击波, 爆破噪声, 冲击波防护, 阻波降噪台车, 环境影响

Abstract: The airblast from tunnel blasting may trigger excessive overpressure at tunnel portals, as well as noise nuisance. To address these issues, field tests and numerical simulations were integrated to evaluate a tunnel-mounted airblast and noise-attenuation trolley applied to a newly constructed highway tunnel. Based on portal environmental monitoring and measurements before and after trolley installation, six field blast tests were conducted to examine airblast propagation and attenuation in the tunnel and at the portal. Next, peak overpressure, dominant frequency, and A-weighted sound-pressure level were used to assess the trolley’s effectiveness in reducing blast pressure and noise. Finally, a numerical model was developed to investigate changes in the airflow field and energy propagation of the blast waves under the trolley’s influence. The results show the following: (1) The tunnel’s waveguide effect and wall reflections repeatedly amplified the airblast, slowing its attenuation. The rise time of the initial overpressure pulse was only 20 μs, indicating a pronounced transient impact. (2) The measured airblast covered an overall frequency range of 2－150 Hz, with dominant frequencies generally below 20 Hz. Therefore, low-frequency and infrasonic components contributed substantially to the environmental noise impact at the tunnel portal. (3) Following trolley installation, the average peak overpressure and linear-sound-pressure level in the 563－569 m section decreased by 76% and 12.3 dB, respectively. Spectral comparisons showed that the trolley attenuated frequencies exceeding 100 Hz more effectively, while its suppression of frequencies below 30 Hz was relatively limited. (4) The trolley comprises fixed sound-insulation panels and a flexible protective curtain. Numerical simulations showed that it altered the airflow field within the tunnel and weakened the blast-wave energy through blockage, flow diversion, and dissipation. These effects reduced the impact of tunnel-blasting airblast and associated noise, aligning with the decreases in peak overpressure and sound-pressure level measured in the field.

Key words: tunnel blasting, airblast, blast noise, airblast protection, wave-blocking and noise-reducing trolley, environmental impact

周贤舜, 张燕勇, 张学民, 陈进, 胡涛, 袁立, 费建波. 隧道爆破冲击波阻波降噪台车的试验与数值模拟[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(10): 2250-2261.

ZHOU Xianshun, ZHANG Yanyong, ZHANG Xuemin, CHEN Jin, HU Tao, YUAN Li, FEI Jianbo. Experiment and Numerical Simulation of a Wave-Blocking and Noise-Reducing Trolley for Tunnel-Blasting Airblast[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(10): 2250-2261.

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隧道爆破冲击波阻波降噪台车的试验与数值模拟

Experiment and Numerical Simulation of a Wave-Blocking and Noise-Reducing Trolley for Tunnel-Blasting Airblast

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