大断面山岭隧道机械化施工“面支护”结构力学性能试验

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.04.002

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 665-681.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.04.002

大断面山岭隧道机械化施工“面支护”结构力学性能试验

黄明利^{1， 2}，谭世阳^{1， 2}，武暄^{1， 2， 3， 4}，李嘉诚^{1， 2}

（1. 北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院，北京 100044； 2. 北京交通大学城市地下工程教育部重点实验室，北京 100044； 3. 北京市基础设施投资有限公司，北京 100101； 4. 北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司，北京 100037）

出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-04-20
作者简介:黄明利（1969—），男，黑龙江哈尔滨人，2000年毕业于东北大学，采矿工程专业，博士，教授，从事隧道与地下工程智能建造研究工作。E-mail： mlhuang@bjtu.edu.cn。

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Face Support Structures for Mechanized Construction in Large-Section Mountainous Tunnels

HUANG Mingli^{1, 2}, TAN Shiyang^{1, 2}, WU Xuan^{1, 2, 3, 4}, LI Jiacheng^{1, 2}

(1. School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 3. Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China; 4. Beijing Rail Transit Construction Management Co., Ltd., Beijing 100037, China)

Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对复杂地质条件下大断面山岭隧道机械化施工时面临的“施工进度与安全”及“支护刚度与围岩-支护协调变形”等矛盾问题，提出一种新型钢管空间网架“面支护”结构。采用室内足尺模型试验与有限元数值模拟方法，对比传统型钢混凝土结构与新型钢管空间网架混凝土结构的力学性能差异，对支护结构的力学承载机理、失效破坏形态、应力应变演化规律等展开研究；基于现场试验，探索软弱破碎围岩大断面隧道在围岩应力重分布条件下，型钢支护与三角形钢管空间网架支护的实际支护特性差异。研究结果表明： 1)在破坏形态与裂缝扩展演化方面，传统型钢混凝土结构与钢管空间网架混凝土结构存在显著差异。相较于传统型钢混凝土试件，2种新型钢管空间网架混凝土试件均表现出更复杂的裂缝分布形态以及更强的塑性阶段承载能力维持特性。2)从荷载变形关系与混凝土应变发展来看，新型钢管空间网架结构能与混凝土更好地协同工作，表现出良好的抗弯承载能力与结构韧性。在极限承载状态下，三角形钢管空间网架混凝土试件较型钢混凝土试件的跨中挠度增大24.09%，承载能力提升25.52%。3)现场实测结果表明，三角形钢管空间网架支护使隧道拱顶沉降减小19.62%，水平收敛减小32.46%，验证了其对大断面隧道围岩收敛变形的控制能力。4)新型钢管空间网架支护安装便捷，机械化程度高，可快速形成闭环“面支护”抗力。

关键词: 大断面隧道, 面支护结构, 力学性能, 模型试验, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Conflicting challenges are encountered in the mechanized construction of large-section mountainous tunnels in complex geological settings, particularly the trade-off between "construction progress vs. safety" and "support stiffness vs. coordinated deformation between surrounding rock and support". To address these issues, a novel steel pipe spatial grid "face support" structure is developed. This study employs full-scale laboratory model tests and finite element numerical simulations to compare the mechanical properties of traditional steel-reinforced concrete structures and those of the novel steel pipe spatial grid concrete structure. The mechanical bearing mechanisms, failure modes, and stress-strain evolution patterns of the support structures are investigated. In addition, field tests are conducted to explore real-world differences in support characteristics between reinforced-steel supports and triangular-steel pipe spatial grid supports, particularly under conditions of stress redistribution in the soft and fractured surrounding rock of large-section tunnels. The findings are as follows: (1) Significant differences in failure modes and crack propagation patterns are found between reinforced-steel concrete structures and steel pipe spatial grid concrete structures. The two novel steel pipe spatial grid concrete specimens demonstrate more complex crack distribution patterns and superior capacity for maintaining bearing characteristics during the plastic stage compared to the reinforced-steel concrete specimen. (2) In terms of load-deformation relationships and concrete strain development, the steel pipe spatial grid structures show improved composite action with concrete, exhibiting remarkable flexural capacity and structural ductility. In their ultimate bearing state, the mid-span deflection and bearing capacity of the triangular-steel pipe spatial grid concrete specimen increase by 24.09% and 25.52%, respectively, compared to those of the reinforced-steel concrete specimen. (3) Field measurements reveal that the triangular-steel pipe spatial grid support reduces tunnel crown settlement by 19.62% and horizontal convergence by 32.46%, confirming its efficacy in controlling the convergence deformation of surrounding rock in large-section tunnels. (4) The novel steel pipe spatial grid support allows for convenient installation and a high degree of mechanization, enabling rapid formation of closed-loop "face support" resistance.

Key words: large-section tunnel, face support structure, mechanical properties, model testing, numerical simulation

黄明利, 谭世阳, 武暄, 李嘉诚. 大断面山岭隧道机械化施工“面支护”结构力学性能试验[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(4): 665-681.

HUANG Mingli, TAN Shiyang, WU Xuan, LI Jiacheng. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Face Support Structures for Mechanized Construction in Large-Section Mountainous Tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(4): 665-681.

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大断面山岭隧道机械化施工“面支护”结构力学性能试验

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Face Support Structures for Mechanized Construction in Large-Section Mountainous Tunnels

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