西十高铁东秦岭南麓岩溶特征及隧道环境地质选线

doi:10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.08.013

隧道建设（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1740-1749.DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2026.08.013

西十高铁东秦岭南麓岩溶特征及隧道环境地质选线

罗锋^{1， 2}

(1. 极端环境岩土和隧道工程智能建养全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710043； 2. 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司，陕西西安 710043)

出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-08-20
作者简介:罗锋（1992—），男，陕西白河人，2016年毕业于中国地质大学（武汉），地下水科学与工程专业，硕士，高级工程师，现从事铁路工程地质及水文地质勘察与研究工作。E-mail： 270607618@qq.com。

Karst Characteristics and Geological Route Selection for Tunnels in Southern Foothills of Eastern Qinling Mountains Along Xi’an-Shiyan High-Speed Railway

LUO Feng^{1, 2}

(1. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling, Xi’an 710043, Shaanxi, China; 2. China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710043, Shaanxi, China)

Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 岩溶地区地下水发育，隧道和地下工程修建常常造成地下水漏失疏干等环境地质问题。为从源头上解决上述问题，以穿越秦岭的西十高铁沿线岩溶发育区环境地质选线为例，遵循以保护岩溶区地下水饮用水源安全为目标的原则，在查明沿线岩溶（水）发育特征的基础上，针对区内岩溶隧道突出的地下水漏失疏干的环境地质问题，开展不同隧道方案环境地质影响评价和地质选线。研究结论为： 1）研究区岩溶属弱—中等发育，岩溶个体形态以小型溶洞、溶孔为主；岩溶水系统以岩溶裂隙水为主，多以表层岩溶裂隙下降泉形式排泄于支沟内，局部岩溶-构造叠加区发育有溶洞溶隙水系统，地下河不发育；水矿化度低、硬度高，水质较好，是当地居民主要的饮用水源。2）隧道方案中，取直方案隧道围岩条件较好，但隧道修建导致岩溶区地下水漏失疏干的环境地质风险较高；绕行方案隧道围岩条件较取直方案差，但隧道造成地下水漏失疏干的环境地质风险明显降低，施工中采用绕行方案贯通，实践证明合理可行。3）岩溶地区隧道规划选址应考虑进行环境地质选线。

关键词: 西十高铁, 岩溶隧道, 地下水漏失疏干, 环境地质选线

Abstract: In karst areas, groundwater is abundant, and the construction of tunnels and other underground projects often causes environmental problems, including groundwater leakage and depletion. To address these problems, route selection is investigated from an environmental geology perspective in the karst development area along the Xi’an-Shiyan High-speed Railway across the Qinling Mountains. Following the principle of protecting groundwater sources used for drinking in karst areas, the environmental geological impacts of alternative tunnel routes are assessed and route selection is evaluated based on the investigated characteristics of karst development and karst groundwater along the railway. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Karst in the study area is weakly to moderately developed, with individual karst features consisting mainly of small caves and pores. The karst water system primarily comprises a karst fissure water system and is discharged mainly into branch gullies through descending springs associated with surface karst fissures. Cave-fissure water systems develop locally within karst-tectonic superposition zones, whereas underground rivers do not develop. The water is characterized by low TDS, high hardness, and good water quality, making it the primary source of drinking water for local residents. (2) Among the tunnel alternatives, the straightening scheme provides better tunnel surrounding rock conditions but poses a greater risk of groundwater leakage and depletion. Although the detour scheme has poorer surrounding rock conditions, it substantially reduces the environmental geological risk of groundwater leakage and depletion. Thus, the detour scheme is selected for construction, which proves to be reasonable and feasible in practice. (3) Environmental geology should be an important consideration during the planning and route selection of tunnels in karst areas.

Key words: Xi’an-Shiyan High-speed Railway, karst tunnel, groundwater leakage and depletion, environmental geological route selection

罗锋. 西十高铁东秦岭南麓岩溶特征及隧道环境地质选线[J]. 隧道建设, 2026, 46(8): 1740-1749.

LUO Feng. Karst Characteristics and Geological Route Selection for Tunnels in Southern Foothills of Eastern Qinling Mountains Along Xi’an-Shiyan High-Speed Railway[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2026, 46(8): 1740-1749.

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西十高铁东秦岭南麓岩溶特征及隧道环境地质选线

Karst Characteristics and Geological Route Selection for Tunnels in Southern Foothills of Eastern Qinling Mountains Along Xi’an-Shiyan High-Speed Railway

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