Abstract: A risk assessment method for mountain tunnel collapse based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP)entropy method and setpair analysis(SPA) theory is proposed to enhance the accuracy and scientific validity of evaluations. Initially, a risk assessment system comprising 12 factors is constructed. Subsequent steps involve the utilization of AHP and entropy methods to calculate the weights of two levels of indices. SPA is then applied to ascertain the correlation degree among indices, with the collapse risk level determined using a confidence criterion. Furthermore, a visual programming application based on SPA theory is developed using Grasshopper and Python software, and integrated with a tunnelgeological building information modeling interaction model. Finally, a digital evaluation platform for tunnel collapse risk based on the AHPentropy set analysis model is established. This platform facilitates efficient, visualized, and scientific assessment of tunnel collapse risk. The efficacy of this platform has been validated through its application in a tunnel project in Chongqing, demonstrating that the SPA theorybased digital platform for mountain tunnel collapse risk assessment operates only for 2 s. This considerably enhances the efficiency of risk assessment, while the evaluation index weight determined using the AHPentropy method considerably improves the reliability of the evaluation outcomes.

Key words: mountain tunnel, collapse, risk assessment, digital evaluation platform, analytic hierarchy process, entropy, setpair analysis method, building information modeling