Abstract: Temporary power supply during the implementation of the automated monitoring system for surrounding rock deformation in the excavation area of a construction tunnel is difficult. To address this issue, a low-power design technology is used in the on-site data acquisition terminal. Low-power hardware and software design strategies are employed to develop and design a set of data acquisition terminal suitable for tunnel construction sites, this terminal meets the long-term battery power supply requirements. Laser sensors are easily obstructed by large construction equipment on site during the measurement of convergence deformation of surrounding rocks, which affects measurement accuracy. Thus, the collection cycle is dynamically adjusted. When real-time data exceeds the normal reading threshold, the data collection frequency is increased to ensure timely acquisition of effective on-site data after obstacles are removed. Furthermore, a low-power design strategy of time-sharing and on-demand power supply is adopted, and the operation and shutdown time of each circuit unit and sensor are determined based on the effectiveness of real-time data, avoiding simultaneous running of all circuit units. The experimental results show that: (1) The power supply strategy based on time-sharing and on-demand reduces energy consumption by approximately 20% compared to general automated monitoring systems; (2) The collaborative control strategy based on dynamic frequency modulation and low power consumption effectively reduces energy consumption while increasing data acquisition frequency, achieving high efficiency and energy conservation in data acquisition.

Key words: tunnel, surrounding rock deformation, monitoring system, low power consumption, time sharing power supply, collection frequency