Abstract: To enable scientific planning and refined management of underground space in densely built environments, the authors investigate the core functional area of Beijing, China, which is characterized by the highest building density and a highly complex urban setting. A comprehensive evaluation and decision-making model for underground space resources is developed. Integrating both surface and subsurface perspectives, a multi-dimensional evaluation framework is established to assess the development potential of underground resources across economic value, social demand, ecological environment, historical preservation, disaster prevention, spatial layout, and functional facilities. Quantitative assessment is achieved through the definition of evaluation indices and their interrelationships. The authors identify five major and thirteen minor underground space planning zones based on resource attributes, development drivers, and limiting conditions, offering valuable guidance for zoning and planning decisions. The model′s enhanced accuracy, comprehensiveness, and quantification provide robust technical support for the refined control and scientific utilization of underground space resources in densely built urban areas.

Key words: multi-dimensional value, highly-built area, underground space, resource evaluation, planning &, control