A new realtime deformation monitoring technology for deep surrounding rocks of soil tunnels is developed on basis of distributed optical fiber monitoring technology and by means of model design, testing and application technology verification, so as to realize the realtime continuous monitoring of the deformation of deep surrounding rocks of soil tunnels. The monitoring mechanical model and the monitoring equation are obtained; the manufacturing, arrangement and installation methods of the sensors, the system integration and the realtime monitoring technology are proposed. The study results have been testified in the field and good application effect has been achieved.