Shield boring underneath airport area may cause ground settlement, which may, in turn, cause local settlement and high additional stress to the aviation oil pipeline buried in the ground. In this paper, the settlement and displacement of the ground induced by shield boring are analyzed, and the calculation models for the settlement of the aviation oil pipeline at different locations are discussed. The shield boring crossing underneath the aviation oil pipeline is numerically simulated by means of ABAQUS finite element software, and the mechanical behavior of the aviation oil pipeline under different additional loads and different distances between aviation oil pipeline and shield tunnel are studied. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that: 1) Due to the shallow cover depth, the aviation oil pipeline is under loading pressure, and the stress on the aviation oil pipeline increases dramatically under the action of the airplane load. 2) The aviation oil pipeline will be destroyed when the distance between the aviation oil pipeline and the shield tunnel is too small. The critical cover depth of the aviation oil pipeline and the critical distance between the aviation oil pipeline and the shield tunnel can be determined by means of safety assessment method.