The deformation rules of pile foundation of viaduct induced by shield tunneling nearby are analyzed by 3D numerical analysis method, so as to learn the influences of soil cohesive strength c, internal friction angle φ and distance between pile and tunnel axial line X on shielding effect of a pile group, by taking shield tunnel of Hefei Metro Line No. 1 crossing nearby pile foundation of viaduct for example. Some conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) The displacement of the pile foundation increases with the distance between pile foundation and shield head decreases; and the displacement of the pile foundation becomes stable when shield tail passed. 2) The c and φ of soil affect the shielding effect of pile group to horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and axial force a lot; and the shielding effect of pile group decreases with the c or φ increases. 3) The influence of X on shielding effect of pile group to pile foundation is obvious; and the shielding effect of pile group decreases with the X decreases.