The distribution characteristics of surrounding rock pressure of tunnels on ZhengzhouWanzhou Highspeed Railway constructed by bench method and fullsection method with largescale machinery are determined based on monitoring data. And then the finite element model of surrounding rocksupporting structure is established by numerical simulation to analyze the influence of the construction methods on surrounding rock pressure and internal force of the structure. The results show that: (1) The bench method would easily lead to the voids between supporting structures and surrounding rocks due to multiple construction times; while the fullsection method with largescale machinery disturbs surrounding rock little, and the primary support closure is rapid, which can ensure good tightness between primary support and surrounding rock. (2) In soft surrounding rock, the fullsection method with largescale machinery is superior to bench method in improving the structure stress, reducing the degree of eccentricity and compression inside the structure, and giving full play to the bearing capacity of the arch tunnel structure. (3) The fullsection method with largescale machinery has comprehensive advantages in rapid construction of weak surrounding rock, deformation control of supporting structure and safety guarantee of supporting structure.