In order to meet the requirements of ventilation during construction and disaster prevention and rescue during operation of extralong railway tunnel, built spatial ventilation mode, rapid tunnel construction speed and avoid safety and environmental problems caused by drilling and blasting method, the characteristics of construction of vertical shaft of Dangjinshan Tunnel on DunhuangGolmud Railway are analyzed, schemes are compared and selected, and the raiseboring method for vertical shaft No. 2 is optimized based on its geological conditions. The results show that: (1) A deep vertical shaft with diameter of 3.0 m and depth of 442 m is successfully completed by using pneumatic DTH, BMC 600 raiseboring machine and KXP2D(S) digital compass inclinometer respectively in pilot hole drilling, hole enlarging and tilt angle measuring. (2) The deviation rate of the shaft is successfully controlled at 0.8% by rationally controlling drilling parameters; and the rapid and safe shaft construction with good quality has been guaranteed. (3) The onetime shaft completion by raiseboring method is feasible for railway tunnel vertical shaft; and its high mechanization level shows its superiority and progressiveness.