The transportation efficiency of long-distance steep inclined shaft needs to be improved. Hence, the existing study results of inclined shaft construction are investigated, and the design and construction of rail transportation system of steep inclined shaft #1 of Tiantaishan Extra-long Tunnel are studied in terms of quantity estimation, equipment selection, equipment layout and transportation optimization by means of field test, theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. And then a set of calculation procedures for the selection of rail transportation equipment is established based on relative industrial standards. A switch scheme for rail transportation and trackless transportation at shaft entrance and bottom is provide; and the schemes for long-distance transportation of concrete in the inclined shaft are compared. Finally, some key points of chute transportation are summarized, and it is proved that the chute transportation is superior to other modes under certain conditions.