The further analysis on the advantages and disadvantages and the applicability of pneumatic drill and rockdrilling jumbo for high-speed railway tunnel is of great significance. The application of pneumatic drill in drilling and blasting and restrictive factors of drilling and blasting of rock-drilling jumbo in Xiaosanxia Tunnel on ZhengzhouWanzhou High-speed Railway are introduced, and comparison is made between the two methods in terms of construction efficiency, staffing, safety, overbreak/underbreak control and cost. The conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The construction efficiency of rock-drilling jumbo in hard rock is higher than pneumatic drill; the construction method of rock-drilling jumbo can be adjusted in Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ surrounding rocks to improve the construction efficiency; and the rock-drilling jumbo is better to avoid in soft rock. (2) The rock-drilling jumbo shows outstanding advantages in terms of labor intensity, labor consumption and safety risk. (3) The theoretical analysis indicates that the average linear overbreak by rock-drilling jumbo is smaller than that by pneumatic drill, while the actual situation is diametrically opposite; the overbreak by rock-drilling jumbo can be reduced by strengthening the management. (4) The rock-drilling jumbo is obviously superior to pneumatic drill, and with the development of mechanization of tunnel construction, the rock-drilling jumbo will become one of the development directions of underground works in the future.