The advance geological prediction cannot be performed smoothly due to the shield construction environment limit. Thus, the horizontal sonic/seismic profiling (HSP) method is employed for advance geological prediction in shield construction, which effectively avoids the limitations of the conventional method. The S transform and its adaptive filter are introduced to the HSP during data processing to improve the effective signal recognition and denoising capacity of the processing system under complex construction conditions. Then, the effectiveness of the method is verified using time and frequency chart analysis, thereby obtaining a reflected characteristic parameter map of strata ahead of tunnel face and establishing a sample data model to guide the construction measurement. By analyzing an application of HSP in Guiyang metro line 3′s shield section, compared with the actual situation, it is shown that the HSP acoustic reflection method has a good positive correlation response to the existence of adverse geological structure plane, indicating that it is an efficient method for geological prediction in shield construction.